Alle Entries Tagged Met: "Libanon"
Hizbollah se Politieke Manifes 2009
Van Rebellebeweging tot Politieke Party
Alastair Crooke
Die siening van baie in die Weste dat transformasie van 'n gewapende weerstandsbeweging na politieke party lineêr moet wees, moet voorafgegaan word deur 'n afstanddoening van geweld, moet deur die burgerlike samelewing gefasiliteer word en deur gematigde politici bemiddel word, het min werklikheid vir die geval van die Islamitiese Weerstandsbeweging (Hamas). Dit beteken nie dat Hamas nie aan 'n politieke transformasie onderwerp is nie: dit het. Maar daardie transformasie is behaal ten spyte van Westerse pogings en nie deur daardie pogings gefasiliteer nie. Terwyl hy 'n weerstandsbeweging bly, Hamas het die regering van die Palestynse Owerheid geword en het sy militêre houding gewysig. Maar hierdie transformasie het 'n ander koers geneem as die een wat in tradisionele konflikoplossingsmodelle uiteengesit word. Hamas en ander Islamitiese groepe sien hulself steeds as weerstandsbewegings, maar toenemend sien hulle die vooruitsig dat hul organisasies kan ontwikkel in politieke strominge wat op nie-gewelddadige weerstand gefokus is. Standaard konflikoplossingsmodelle maak sterk staat op Westerse ervaring in konflikoplossing en ignoreer dikwels die verskille van benadering in die Islamitiese geskiedenis van vredemaak. Nie verbasend, die Hamas-benadering tot politieke onderhandeling is anders in styl as dié van die Weste. Ook, as 'n Islamitiese beweging wat die wyer optiek van die impak van die Weste op hul samelewings deel, Hamas het vereistes van egtheid en legitimiteit binne sy eie kiesafdeling wat verband hou met die belangrikheid wat daaraan geheg word om 'n gewapende vermoë te handhaaf. Hierdie faktore, saam met die oorweldigende effek van langtermynkonflik op 'n gemeenskap se sielkunde (an aspect that receives little attention in Western models that put preponderant weight on political analysis), suggests that the transformation process for Hamas has been very different from the transformation of arms movements in traditional analysis. Daarby, the harsh landscape of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict gives the Hamas experience its special characteristics.Hamas is in the midst of an important transformation, but the political currents within Israel, and within the region, make the outcome of this transformation unpredictable. Much will depend on the course of Western policy (its “Global War on Terror”) and how that policy effects revivalist Islamist groups such as Hamas, groups that are committed to elections, reform and good-governance.
Islam en Demokrasie
Dalia Mogahed
Islam in politics has been asserted in many countries in the Muslim world through democratic elections. Islamist parties have gained varying degreesof political power in Turkey, Egipte, Libanon, and the occupied Palestinian territories, and have widespread influence in Morocco and Jordan. Nou, more than ever, Westerse regerings, alarmed by this outcome, have raised the perennial question: Is Islam compatible with democracy?A recent in-depth Gallup survey in 10 predominantly Muslim countries,representing more than 80% of the global Muslim population, shows that whenasked what they admire most about the West, Muslims frequently mention political freedom, liberty, fair judicial systems, and freedom of speech. When asked to critique their own societies, extremism and inadequate adherence to Islamic teachings were their top grievances.However, while Muslims say they admire freedom and an open political system,Gallup surveys suggest that they do not believe they must choose between Islam and democracy, but rather, that the two can co-exist inside one functional government.