RSSL-Entrati Kollha Tikkettati Bi: "Bankarju Iżlamiku"

SFIDI LI JIFFAĊĊJAW IL-BANKARJA ISLAMIKA

MUNAWAR IQBAL
AUSAF AHMAD
TARIQULLAH KHAN

Prattika bankarja Iżlamika, li bdiet fil-bidu tas-sebgħinijiet fuq skala modesta, wera progress tremend matul l-aħħar 25 snin. Xogħol ta’ riċerka serju ta’ dawn l-aħħar għoxrin sena u nofs stabbilixxa li l-banek Iżlamiċi huma mod vijabbli u effiċjenti ta’ intermedjazzjoni finanzjarja. Numru ta 'banek Iżlamiċi ġew stabbiliti matul dan il-perjodu taħt eteroġeni, ambjent soċjali u ekonomiku. Riċentement, ħafna banek konvenzjonali, inklużi xi banek multinazzjonali ewlenin tal-Punent, bdew jużaw ukoll tekniki bankarji Iżlamiċi. Dan kollu huwa inkoraġġanti. Madankollu, is-sistema bankarja Iżlamika, bħal kull sistema oħra, trid titqies bħala realtà li qed tevolvi. Din l-esperjenza trid tiġi evalwata b'mod oġġettiv u l-problemi għandhom jiġu identifikati bir-reqqa u indirizzati għalihom.

Huwa b'dan l-għan li l-Istitut Iżlamiku tar-Riċerka u t-Taħriġ (MAĦLUX) tal-Bank Iżlamiku għall-Iżvilupp (IDB) jippreżenta dan id-dokument dwar l-Isfidi li qed Jiffaċċjaw il-Banek Iżlamiku, kif deċiż mill-Bord tad-Diretturi Eżekuttivi tal-IDB. Tim ta’ riċerkaturi tal-IRTI li jikkonsisti minn Munawar Iqbal, Ausaf Ahmad u Tariqullah Khan ħejjew il-karta.. Munawar Iqbal, Kap tad-Diviżjoni Bankarja u Finanzi Iżlamika aġixxa bħala l-mexxej tal-proġett. Żewġ studjużi esterni rreferjaw ukoll l-istudju. L-IRTI hija grata għall-kontribut ta’ dawn ir-referees. Il-prodott finali qed jinħareġ bħala t-Tieni Paper Okkażjonali.

Huwa ttamat li tingħata konsiderazzjoni serja lill-isfidi li jiffaċċjaw il-banek Iżlamiċi identifikati fid-dokument. It-teoretiċi u l-prattikanti fil-qasam tal-banek u l-finanzi Iżlamiċi jeħtieġ li jsibu modi u mezzi biex jilqgħu dawk l-isfidi sabiex il-banek Iżlamiċi jkunu jistgħu jkomplu jimxu hekk kif jidħlu fis-Seklu 21..

Islamic Banking and the Politics of International Financial Harmonization

Kristin Smith

In the mid-1970’s, the Arab Gulf made a dramatic entrance onto world financialmarkets. In one year, oil prices quadrupled, precipitating the fastest transfer of wealth inthe twentieth century. Many Gulfis who previously had no dealings with financialinstitutions had their first introduction to banking. It quickly became apparent howeverthat there was a tension between the institutions and norms underlying Western financeand the prevailing belief amongst many Gulfis that earning interest is forbidden by Islam.Throughout the Gulf, and particularly in Saudi Arabia, religiously observant individualschose to leave their money in non-interest bearing accounts rather than contraveneIslamic law.This cultural difference opened up the space for entrepreneurs to mediate betweenthe global system and local beliefs and customs. The result was the creation of Islamicbanks: financial intermediaries that offer services similar to those of conventional banks,but through financial instruments legally structured to comply with Islamic religious law(Shariah). The entrepreneurs behind this institutional innovation have been able to createa profitable niche for themselves amongst the religiously conservative populations of theGulf. Beyond their marketing advantage, they have likewise used demands for paritywith conventional banks to receive government contracts, and the desire of foreigninvestors to present a “local” face on their business to market themselves for jointventures. Their advantages are not strictly economic, madankollu, as my research into theIslamic finance industry in Kuwait, Bahrain, and the UAE has shown.