RSS所有条目标记为: "加沙"

保守主义和伊斯兰主义之间的女权主义: 巴勒斯坦的情况

博士, Islah Jad |

在西岸和加沙地带举行了立法选举。 2006 掌权的伊斯兰运动哈马斯, 后来组成了巴勒斯坦立法委员会的多数席位,也是哈马斯的第一多数席位政府. 这些选举导致任命了第一位哈马斯女部长, 成为妇女事务部长. 三月之间 2006 和六月 2007, 两名不同的哈马斯女部长上任, 但两人都发现很难管理该部,因为该部的大多数雇员不是哈马斯成员,而是属于其他政党, 大多数是法塔赫的成员, 控制大多数巴勒斯坦权力机构机构的主导运动. 在哈马斯在加沙地带掌权并导致其政府在西岸倒台后,妇女事务部哈马斯妇女与法塔赫女性成员之间的紧张斗争期结束——一场斗争有时会发生剧烈的转变. 后来引用来解释这场斗争的一个原因是世俗女权主义话语和伊斯兰主义关于妇女问题的话语之间的区别. 在巴勒斯坦的背景下,这种分歧具有危险性,因为它被用来证明使血腥的政治斗争永存。, 将哈马斯妇女从其职务或职位上撤职, 以及当时在西岸和被占领的加沙地带普遍存在的政治和地理鸿沟.
这场斗争提出了一些重要的问题: 我们应该惩罚已经掌权的伊斯兰运动吗, 还是我们应该考虑导致法塔赫在政治舞台上失败的原因? 女权主义可以为女性提供一个全面的框架吗, 不论他们的社会和意识形态有何关系? 对女性具有共同点的论述可以帮助她们实现并达成共同目标? 家长制仅存在于伊斯兰意识形态中吗, 而不是民族主义和爱国主义? 我们所说的女权主义是什么意思? 是否只有一种女权主义, 或几种女权主义? 我们所说的伊斯兰教是什么意思 – 是这个名字或宗教所知道的运动吗, 哲学, 或法律制度? 我们需要深入了解这些问题并仔细考虑, 我们必须同意它们,以便我们以后可以决定, 作为女权主义者, 如果我们对家长作风的批评应该针对宗教 (信仰), 应该局限在信徒的心里,不能控制整个世界, 或法理, 它涉及不同的信仰流派,这些流派解释了《古兰经》中包含的法律制度和先知的言论 – 圣训.

巴勒斯坦问题与伊斯兰运动

阿扎姆·塔米米

The top leadership of the Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood (兄弟会) in the Gaza Strip heldan emergency meeting on the evening of Wednesday 9 十二月 1987 to deliberate what todo a day after the Palestinian uprising (起义) erupted. The eruption was ignited by the coldbloodedmurder of several Palestinian laborers at the hands of an Israeli army trailer driver. Theseven men, Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, 博士. Abd Al-Aziz Al-Rantisi, 错误的西哈达, Abd Al-FattahDukhan, Muhammad Shamah, Ibrahim Al-Yazuri and Isa Al-Nashar, took the historic decision totransform the Ikhwan organization in Palestine into a resistance movement that was called Harakatal-Muqawamah Al-Islamiyah (The Islamic Resistance Movement) known from then on by theacronym HAMAS.Although the decision was triggered by the unplanned simultaneous popular uprising, SheikhYassin and his comrades had been preparing for that eventuality for many years. They had for toolong been detached from the earlier history of the movement when it was best known for puttingup the most credible resistance to the Zionists who founded the Jewish state on land taken from thePalestinians by force in 1948.Intended to be a comprehensive reform movement, the Ikhwan was originally Egyptian buthas since its inception grown into a global network. The mother organization was founded byHassan Al-Banna (1906-1949) in the Egyptian town of Al-Ismailiyah in 1928 where he taught at aprimary school not far from the headquarters of the British occupation troops’ garrison. Combiningelements of spirituality acquired from his association with the Hasafiyah Sufi order with thepristine monotheistic teachings of Islam learned inside the Salafi school of Muhammad RashidRida (1865-1935) – a disciple and close associate of Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905), Al-Banna’sproject had a great popular appeal. Soon after its birth, the Ikhwan movement grew rapidly withinEgypt and beyond it. Inside Egypt, it had four branches in 1929, 15 在 1932, 300 by 1938 and morethan 2000 在 1948. 经过 1945, it had half a million active members in Egypt alone. Between 1946 and1948, Ikhwan branches were opened in Palestine, 苏丹, Iraq and Syria.

戈德斯通关于以色列对加沙战争的报告

Goldstone in Gaza

1. On 3 April 2009, the President of the Human Rights Council established the United Nations
Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict with the mandate “to investigate all violations of
international human rights law and international humanitarian law that might have been
committed at any time in the context of the military operations that were conducted in Gaza
during the period from 27 十二月 2008 和 18 January 2009, whether before, during or
after.”
2. The President appointed Justice Richard Goldstone, former judge of the Constitutional Court
of South Africa and former Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former
Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to head the Mission. The other three appointed members were:
Professor Christine Chinkin, Professor of International Law at the London School of Economics
and Political Science, who was a member of the high-level fact-finding mission to Beit Hanoun
(2008); Ms. Hina Jilani, Advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and former Special
Representative of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights defenders, who was a
member of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (2004); and Colonel Desmond
Travers, a former Officer in Ireland’s Defence Forces and member of the Board of Directors of
the Institute for International Criminal Investigations.
3. As is usual practice, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
(OHCHR) established a secretariat to support the Mission.
4. The Mission interpreted the mandate as requiring it to place the civilian population of the
region at the centre of its concerns regarding the violations of international law.
5. The Mission convened for the first time in Geneva between 4 和 8 May 2009. Additionally,
the Mission met in Geneva on 20 May, 上 4 和 5 七月, and between 1 和 4 八月 2009. 这
Mission conducted three field visits: two to the Gaza Strip between 30 May and 6 June, 和
between 25 June and 1 七月 2009; and one visit to Amman on 2 和 3 七月 2009. Several staff of

1. On 3 April 2009, the President of the Human Rights Council established the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict with the mandate “to investigate all violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that might have been committed at any time in the context of the military operations that were conducted in Gaza during the period from 27 十二月 2008 和 18 January 2009, whether before, during or after.”

2. The President appointed Justice Richard Goldstone, former judge of the Constitutional Court of South Africa and former Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to head the Mission. The other three appointed members were Professor Christine Chinkin, Professor of International Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science, who was a member of the high-level fact-finding mission to Beit Hanoun (2008); Ms. Hina Jilani, Advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and former Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights defenders, who was a member of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (2004); and Colonel Desmond Travers, a former Officer in Ireland’s Defence Forces and member of the Board of Directors of the Institute for International Criminal Investigations.

3. As is usual practice, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) established a secretariat to support the Mission.

4. The Mission interpreted the mandate as requiring it to place the civilian population of the region at the centre of its concerns regarding the violations of international law.

5. The Mission convened for the first time in Geneva between 4 和 8 May 2009. Additionally, the Mission met in Geneva on 20 May, 上 4 和 5 七月, and between 1 和 4 八月 2009. The Mission conducted three field visits: two to the Gaza Strip between 30 May and 6 June, and between 25 June and 1 七月 2009; and one visit to Amman on 2 和 3 七月 2009. Several staff ofthe Mission’s secretariat were deployed in Gaza from 22 May to 4 七月 2009 to conduct field investigations.

6. Notes verbales were sent to all Member States of the United Nations and United Nations organs and bodies on 7 May 2009. On 8 June 2009 the Mission issued a call for submissions inviting all interested persons and organizations to submit relevant information and documentation to assist in the implementation of its mandate.

7. Public hearings were held in Gaza on 28 和 29 June and in Geneva on 6 和 7 七月 2009.

8. The Mission repeatedly sought to obtain the cooperation of the Government of Israel. After numerous attempts had failed, the Mission sought and obtained the assistance of the Government of Egypt to enable it to enter the Gaza Strip through the Rafah crossing.

9. The Mission has enjoyed the support and cooperation of the Palestinian Authority and of the Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. Due to the lack of cooperation from the Israeli Government, the Mission was unable to meet members of the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank. The Mission did, 然而, meet officials of the Palestinian Authority, including a cabinet minister, in Amman. During its visits to the Gaza Strip, the Mission held meetings with senior members of the Gaza authorities and they extended their full cooperation and support to the Mission.

10. Subsequent to the public hearings in Geneva, the Mission was informed that a Palestinian participant, Mr. Muhammad Srour, had been detained by Israeli security forces when returning to the West Bank and became concerned that his detention may have been a consequence of his appearance before the Mission. The Mission is in contact with him and continues to monitor developments.