RSSAlla inlägg taggade med: "Gaza"

FEMINISM MELLAN SEKULARISM OCH ISLAMISM: FALLET PALESTINA

Dr, Islah Jad

Lagstiftningsval hölls på Västbanken och Gazaremsan i 2006 tog den islamistiska rörelsen Hamas till makten, som fortsatte med att bilda majoriteten av det palestinska lagstiftande rådet och även den första majoriteten av Hamas-regeringen. Dessa val resulterade i utnämningen av den första kvinnliga Hamas-ministern, who became the Minister of Women’s Affairs. Between March 2006 and June 2007, two different female Hamas ministers assumed this post, but both found it difficult to manage the Ministry since most of its employees were not Hamas members but belonged to other political parties, and most were members of Fatah, the dominant movement controlling most Palestinian Authority institutions. A tense period of struggle between the women of Hamas in the Ministry of Women’s Affairs and the female members of Fatah came to an end following Hamas’ takeover of power in the Gaza Strip and the resultant fall of its government in the West Bank – a struggle which sometimes took a violent turn. En anledning som senare citerades för att förklara denna kamp var skillnaden mellan sekulär feministisk diskurs och islamistisk diskurs om kvinnofrågor. I det palestinska sammanhanget fick denna meningsskiljaktighet en farlig karaktär eftersom den användes för att rättfärdiga att vidmakthålla den blodiga politiska kampen, avlägsnandet av Hamas-kvinnor från deras positioner eller poster, och de politiska och geografiska klyftor som rådde vid den tiden på både Västbanken och den ockuperade Gazaremsan.
Denna kamp väcker ett antal viktiga frågor: ska vi straffa den islamistiska rörelsen som kommit till makten, eller ska vi överväga orsakerna som ledde till Fatehs misslyckande på den politiska arenan? Kan feminism erbjuda en heltäckande ram för kvinnor, oavsett deras sociala och ideologiska tillhörighet? Kan en diskurs om en gemensam gemensam grund för kvinnor hjälpa dem att förverkliga och komma överens om sina gemensamma mål? Finns paternalism endast närvarande i islamistisk ideologi, och inte i nationalism och patriotism? Vad menar vi med feminism? Finns det bara en feminism, eller flera feminismer? Vad menar vi med islam – är det rörelsen känd under detta namn eller religionen, filosofin, eller rättssystemet? Vi måste gå till botten med dessa frågor och noggrant överväga dem, och vi måste komma överens om dem så att vi senare kan besluta, som feminister, om vår kritik av paternalismen ska riktas mot religionen (tro), som bör begränsas till den troendes hjärta och inte tillåtas ta kontroll över världen i stort, eller rättspraxis, som hänför sig till olika trosskolor som förklarar det rättssystem som finns i Koranen och profetens ord. – Sunnah.

Palestine Question and Islamic Movement

Azzam Tamimi

The top leadership of the Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood (bror) in the Gaza Strip heldan emergency meeting on the evening of Wednesday 9 december 1987 to deliberate what todo a day after the Palestinian uprising (Intifada) erupted. The eruption was ignited by the coldbloodedmurder of several Palestinian laborers at the hands of an Israeli army trailer driver. Theseven men, Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, Dr. Abd Al-Aziz Al-Rantisi, en Shihadah, Abd Al-FattahDukhan, Muhammad Shamah, Ibrahim Al-Yazuri and Isa Al-Nashar, took the historic decision totransform the Ikhwan organization in Palestine into a resistance movement that was called Harakatal-Muqawamah Al-Islamiyah (The Islamic Resistance Movement) known from then on by theacronym HAMAS.Although the decision was triggered by the unplanned simultaneous popular uprising, SheikhYassin and his comrades had been preparing for that eventuality for many years. They had for toolong been detached from the earlier history of the movement when it was best known for puttingup the most credible resistance to the Zionists who founded the Jewish state on land taken from thePalestinians by force in 1948.Intended to be a comprehensive reform movement, the Ikhwan was originally Egyptian buthas since its inception grown into a global network. The mother organization was founded byHassan Al-Banna (1906-1949) in the Egyptian town of Al-Ismailiyah in 1928 where he taught at aprimary school not far from the headquarters of the British occupation troops’ garrison. Combiningelements of spirituality acquired from his association with the Hasafiyah Sufi order with thepristine monotheistic teachings of Islam learned inside the Salafi school of Muhammad RashidRida (1865-1935) – a disciple and close associate of Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905), Al-Banna’sproject had a great popular appeal. Soon after its birth, the Ikhwan movement grew rapidly withinEgypt and beyond it. Inside Egypt, it had four branches in 1929, 15 in 1932, 300 by 1938 and morethan 2000 in 1948. By 1945, it had half a million active members in Egypt alone. Between 1946 and1948, Ikhwan branches were opened in Palestine, Sudan, Iraq and Syria.

Goldstone Report On Israel’s War On Gaza

Goldstone in Gaza

1. On 3 April 2009, the President of the Human Rights Council established the United Nations
Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict with the mandate “to investigate all violations of
international human rights law and international humanitarian law that might have been
committed at any time in the context of the military operations that were conducted in Gaza
during the period from 27 december 2008 och 18 January 2009, whether before, during or
after.”
2. The President appointed Justice Richard Goldstone, former judge of the Constitutional Court
of South Africa and former Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former
Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to head the Mission. The other three appointed members were:
Professor Christine Chinkin, Professor of International Law at the London School of Economics
and Political Science, who was a member of the high-level fact-finding mission to Beit Hanoun
(2008); Ms. Hina Jilani, Advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and former Special
Representative of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights defenders, who was a
member of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (2004); and Colonel Desmond
Travers, a former Officer in Ireland’s Defence Forces and member of the Board of Directors of
the Institute for International Criminal Investigations.
3. As is usual practice, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
(OHCHR) established a secretariat to support the Mission.
4. The Mission interpreted the mandate as requiring it to place the civilian population of the
region at the centre of its concerns regarding the violations of international law.
5. The Mission convened for the first time in Geneva between 4 och 8 May 2009. Additionally,
the Mission met in Geneva on 20 May, på 4 och 5 juli, and between 1 och 4 augusti 2009. The
Mission conducted three field visits: two to the Gaza Strip between 30 May and 6 June, och
between 25 June and 1 juli 2009; and one visit to Amman on 2 och 3 juli 2009. Several staff of

1. On 3 April 2009, the President of the Human Rights Council established the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict with the mandate “to investigate all violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that might have been committed at any time in the context of the military operations that were conducted in Gaza during the period from 27 december 2008 och 18 January 2009, whether before, during or after.”

2. The President appointed Justice Richard Goldstone, former judge of the Constitutional Court of South Africa and former Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to head the Mission. The other three appointed members were Professor Christine Chinkin, Professor of International Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science, who was a member of the high-level fact-finding mission to Beit Hanoun (2008); Ms. Hina Jilani, Advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and former Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights defenders, who was a member of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (2004); and Colonel Desmond Travers, a former Officer in Ireland’s Defence Forces and member of the Board of Directors of the Institute for International Criminal Investigations.

3. As is usual practice, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) established a secretariat to support the Mission.

4. The Mission interpreted the mandate as requiring it to place the civilian population of the region at the centre of its concerns regarding the violations of international law.

5. The Mission convened for the first time in Geneva between 4 och 8 May 2009. Additionally, the Mission met in Geneva on 20 May, på 4 och 5 juli, and between 1 och 4 augusti 2009. The Mission conducted three field visits: two to the Gaza Strip between 30 May and 6 June, and between 25 June and 1 juli 2009; and one visit to Amman on 2 och 3 juli 2009. Several staff ofthe Mission’s secretariat were deployed in Gaza from 22 May to 4 juli 2009 to conduct field investigations.

6. Notes verbales were sent to all Member States of the United Nations and United Nations organs and bodies on 7 May 2009. On 8 June 2009 the Mission issued a call for submissions inviting all interested persons and organizations to submit relevant information and documentation to assist in the implementation of its mandate.

7. Public hearings were held in Gaza on 28 och 29 June and in Geneva on 6 och 7 juli 2009.

8. The Mission repeatedly sought to obtain the cooperation of the Government of Israel. After numerous attempts had failed, the Mission sought and obtained the assistance of the Government of Egypt to enable it to enter the Gaza Strip through the Rafah crossing.

9. The Mission has enjoyed the support and cooperation of the Palestinian Authority and of the Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. Due to the lack of cooperation from the Israeli Government, the Mission was unable to meet members of the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank. The Mission did, dock, meet officials of the Palestinian Authority, including a cabinet minister, in Amman. During its visits to the Gaza Strip, the Mission held meetings with senior members of the Gaza authorities and they extended their full cooperation and support to the Mission.

10. Subsequent to the public hearings in Geneva, the Mission was informed that a Palestinian participant, Mr. Muhammad Srour, had been detained by Israeli security forces when returning to the West Bank and became concerned that his detention may have been a consequence of his appearance before the Mission. The Mission is in contact with him and continues to monitor developments.