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EL FEMINISME ENTRE EL SECULARISME I L'ISLAMISME: EL CAS DE PALESTINA

dr, Islah Jad

Eleccions legislatives celebrades a Cisjordània i a la Franja de Gaza 2006 va portar al poder el moviment islamista Hamàs, que va passar a formar la majoria del Consell Legislatiu Palestí i també el primer govern majoritari de Hamàs. Aquestes eleccions van donar lloc al nomenament de la primera dona ministra de Hamàs, que esdevingué la ministra d'Afers de la Dona. Entre març 2006 i juny 2007, dues ministres diferents de Hamàs van assumir aquest càrrec, però a tots dos els va costar gestionar el ministeri, ja que la majoria dels seus empleats no eren membres de Hamàs sinó que pertanyien a altres partits polítics., i la majoria eren membres de Fatah, el moviment dominant que controla la majoria de les institucions de l'Autoritat Palestina. Un tens període de lluita entre les dones de Hamàs al Ministeri d'Afers de la Dona i les dones membres de Fatah va acabar després de la presa de poder per part de Hamàs a la Franja de Gaza i la consegüent caiguda del seu govern a Cisjordània: una lluita. que de vegades donava un gir violent. Una de les raons esmentades més tard per explicar aquesta lluita va ser la diferència entre el discurs feminista laic i el discurs islamista sobre els problemes de les dones.. En el context palestí, aquest desacord va adquirir un caràcter perillós ja que va servir per justificar la perpetuació de la cruenta lluita política., l'eliminació de les dones de Hamàs dels seus càrrecs o càrrecs, i les divisions polítiques i geogràfiques que hi havia en aquell moment tant a Cisjordània com a la Franja de Gaza ocupada.
Aquesta lluita planteja una sèrie de preguntes importants: hem de castigar el moviment islamista que ha arribat al poder, o hem de considerar les raons que van portar al fracàs de Fateh en l'àmbit polític? El feminisme pot oferir un marc integral per a les dones?, independentment de les seves afiliacions socials i ideològiques? Pot un discurs d'un punt en comú compartit per a les dones ajudar-les a realitzar i a consensuar els seus objectius comuns?? El paternalisme només està present en la ideologia islamista?, i no en nacionalisme i patriotisme? Què entenem per feminisme? Hi ha només un feminisme?, o diversos feminismes? Què entenem per islam – és el moviment conegut amb aquest nom o la religió, la filosofia, o l'ordenament jurídic? Hem d'anar al fons d'aquests problemes i considerar-los acuradament, i les hem de posar d'acord per després decidir, com a feministes, si la nostra crítica al paternalisme s'ha de dirigir a la religió (fe), que s'hauria de limitar al cor del creient i que no se'ls permeti prendre el control del món en general, o la jurisprudència, que es relaciona amb diferents escoles de fe que expliquen el sistema legal contingut a l'Alcorà i les dites del profeta – la Sunnah.
| setembre 19, 2010 | Comentaris 0
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Palestine Question and Islamic Movement

Azzam Tamimi

The top leadership of the Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood (germà) in the Gaza Strip heldan emergency meeting on the evening of Wednesday 9 desembre 1987 to deliberate what todo a day after the Palestinian uprising (intifada) erupted. The eruption was ignited by the coldbloodedmurder of several Palestinian laborers at the hands of an Israeli army trailer driver. Theseven men, Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, dr. Abd Al-Aziz Al-Rantisi, 1 Shihadah, Abd Al-FattahDukhan, Muhammad Shamah, Ibrahim Al-Yazuri and Isa Al-Nashar, took the historic decision totransform the Ikhwan organization in Palestine into a resistance movement that was called Harakatal-Muqawamah Al-Islamiyah (The Islamic Resistance Movement) known from then on by theacronym HAMAS.Although the decision was triggered by the unplanned simultaneous popular uprising, SheikhYassin and his comrades had been preparing for that eventuality for many years. They had for toolong been detached from the earlier history of the movement when it was best known for puttingup the most credible resistance to the Zionists who founded the Jewish state on land taken from thePalestinians by force in 1948.Intended to be a comprehensive reform movement, the Ikhwan was originally Egyptian buthas since its inception grown into a global network. The mother organization was founded byHassan Al-Banna (1906-1949) in the Egyptian town of Al-Ismailiyah in 1928 where he taught at aprimary school not far from the headquarters of the British occupation troops’ garrison. Combiningelements of spirituality acquired from his association with the Hasafiyah Sufi order with thepristine monotheistic teachings of Islam learned inside the Salafi school of Muhammad RashidRida (1865-1935) – a disciple and close associate of Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905), Al-Banna’sproject had a great popular appeal. Soon after its birth, the Ikhwan movement grew rapidly withinEgypt and beyond it. Inside Egypt, it had four branches in 1929, 15 en 1932, 300 by 1938 and morethan 2000 en 1948. By 1945, it had half a million active members in Egypt alone. Between 1946 and1948, Ikhwan branches were opened in Palestine, Sudan, Iraq and Syria.

| Febrer 15, 2010 | Comentaris 0
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Goldstone Report On Israel’s War On Gaza

Goldstone in Gaza

1. On 3 abril 2009, the President of the Human Rights Council established the United Nations
Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict with the mandate “to investigate all violations of
international human rights law and international humanitarian law that might have been
committed at any time in the context of the military operations that were conducted in Gaza
during the period from 27 desembre 2008 i 18 January 2009, whether before, during or
after.”
2. The President appointed Justice Richard Goldstone, former judge of the Constitutional Court
of South Africa and former Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former
Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to head the Mission. The other three appointed members were:
Professor Christine Chinkin, Professor of International Law at the London School of Economics
and Political Science, who was a member of the high-level fact-finding mission to Beit Hanoun
(2008); Ms. Hina Jilani, Advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and former Special
Representative of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights defenders, who was a
member of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (2004); and Colonel Desmond
Travers, a former Officer in Ireland’s Defence Forces and member of the Board of Directors of
the Institute for International Criminal Investigations.
3. As is usual practice, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
(OHCHR) established a secretariat to support the Mission.
4. The Mission interpreted the mandate as requiring it to place the civilian population of the
region at the centre of its concerns regarding the violations of international law.
5. The Mission convened for the first time in Geneva between 4 i 8 maig 2009. Additionally,
the Mission met in Geneva on 20 maig, a 4 i 5 juliol, and between 1 i 4 Agost 2009. la
Mission conducted three field visits: two to the Gaza Strip between 30 May and 6 juny, i
between 25 June and 1 juliol 2009; and one visit to Amman on 2 i 3 juliol 2009. Several staff of

1. On 3 abril 2009, the President of the Human Rights Council established the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict with the mandate “to investigate all violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that might have been committed at any time in the context of the military operations that were conducted in Gaza during the period from 27 desembre 2008 i 18 January 2009, whether before, during or after.”

2. The President appointed Justice Richard Goldstone, former judge of the Constitutional Court of South Africa and former Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to head the Mission. The other three appointed members were Professor Christine Chinkin, Professor of International Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science, who was a member of the high-level fact-finding mission to Beit Hanoun (2008); Ms. Hina Jilani, Advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and former Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights defenders, who was a member of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (2004); and Colonel Desmond Travers, a former Officer in Ireland’s Defence Forces and member of the Board of Directors of the Institute for International Criminal Investigations.

3. As is usual practice, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) established a secretariat to support the Mission.

4. The Mission interpreted the mandate as requiring it to place the civilian population of the region at the centre of its concerns regarding the violations of international law.

5. The Mission convened for the first time in Geneva between 4 i 8 maig 2009. Additionally, the Mission met in Geneva on 20 maig, a 4 i 5 juliol, and between 1 i 4 Agost 2009. The Mission conducted three field visits: two to the Gaza Strip between 30 May and 6 juny, and between 25 June and 1 juliol 2009; and one visit to Amman on 2 i 3 juliol 2009. Several staff ofthe Mission’s secretariat were deployed in Gaza from 22 May to 4 juliol 2009 to conduct field investigations.

6. Notes verbales were sent to all Member States of the United Nations and United Nations organs and bodies on 7 maig 2009. On 8 juny 2009 the Mission issued a call for submissions inviting all interested persons and organizations to submit relevant information and documentation to assist in the implementation of its mandate.

7. Public hearings were held in Gaza on 28 i 29 June and in Geneva on 6 i 7 juliol 2009.

8. The Mission repeatedly sought to obtain the cooperation of the Government of Israel. After numerous attempts had failed, the Mission sought and obtained the assistance of the Government of Egypt to enable it to enter the Gaza Strip through the Rafah crossing.

9. The Mission has enjoyed the support and cooperation of the Palestinian Authority and of the Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. Due to the lack of cooperation from the Israeli Government, the Mission was unable to meet members of the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank. The Mission did, malgrat això, meet officials of the Palestinian Authority, including a cabinet minister, in Amman. During its visits to the Gaza Strip, the Mission held meetings with senior members of the Gaza authorities and they extended their full cooperation and support to the Mission.

10. Subsequent to the public hearings in Geneva, the Mission was informed that a Palestinian participant, Mr. Muhammad Srour, had been detained by Israeli security forces when returning to the West Bank and became concerned that his detention may have been a consequence of his appearance before the Mission. The Mission is in contact with him and continues to monitor developments.

| desembre 17, 2009 | Comentaris 0
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