Всі записи з позначкою: "Амр Хамзаві"
ІСЛАМІСТСЬКІ РУХИ ТА ДЕМОКРАТИЧНИЙ ПРОЦЕС В АРАБСЬКОМУ СВІТІ: Дослідження сірих зон
Натан Дж. Коричневий, Амр Хамзаві,
Марина Оттавей
Арабський бюлетень реформ
group of researchers
Єгипет: Регрес у партійній платформі Братів-мусульман?
Амр Хамзавий
Причини та наслідки фарсу місцевих виборів у Єгипті
Мохаммед Герцалла
Амр Хамзаві
Egypt’s local elections of April 8, 2008 were a confirmation of a backwardslide in Egyptian politics. They were plagued by social unrest and politicaldiscord. In the weeks prior to the elections, labor protests escalated,precipitating a harsh crackdown that resulted in at least two fatalities and many injuries.The country’s largest opposition force, Брати-мусульмани, decided at the last minute to boycott the elections. Voter turn out did not exceed 5 percent and the ruling National Democratic Party (НДП),facing virtually no competition, landed a sweeping victory—winning roughly95 percent of the seats at stake.These developments bring to light a broader deterioration in Egyptian politics.Three elements of this process stand out and deserve careful attention:•
Спочатку, the burgeoning social crisis caused by out of control inflation, acrippled welfare system, and persistent unemployment;
• Second, a return to the old authoritarian practices of the rulingestablishment; і
• Third, worrying signs that call into question the very existence of aviable opposition capable of advancing reform through the political process.
Проект партійної платформи Єгипетських братів-мусульман
In the late summer 2007, amid great anticipation from Egypt’s ruling elite and opposition movements, the Muslim Brotherhood distributed the first draft of a party platform to a group of intellectuals and analysts. The platform was not to serve as a document for an existing political party or even one about to be founded: the Brotherhood remains without legal recognition in Egypt and Egypt’s rulers and the laws they have enacted make the prospect of legal recognition for a Brotherhood-founded party seem distant. But the Brotherhood’s leadership clearly wished to signal what sort of party they would found if allowed to do so.
With the circulation of the draft document, the movement opened its doors to discussion and even contentious debate about the main ideas of the platform, the likely course of the Brotherhood’s political role, and the future of its relationship with other political forces in the country.1 In this paper, we seek to answer four questions concerning the Brotherhood’s
party platform:
1. What are the specific controversies and divisions generated by the platform?
2. Why and how has the platform proved so divisive?
3. Given the divisions it caused as well as the inauspicious political environment,
why was a platform drafted at this time?
4. How will these controversies likely be resolved?
We also offer some observations about the Brotherhood’s experience with
drafting a party platform and demonstrate how its goals have only been partly
met. Ultimately, the integration of the Muslim Brotherhood as a normal political
actor will depend not only on the movement’s words but also on the deeds
of a regime that seems increasingly hostile to the Brotherhood’s political role.