Tutte le voci della "Tunisia" Categoria
ISLAMIST MOVEMENTS AND THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS IN THE ARAB WORLD: Exploring the Gray Zones
Nathan J. Marrone, Amr Hamzawy,
Marina Ottaway
ISLAMIST RADICALISATION
Issues relating to political Islam continue to present challenges to European foreign policies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). As EU policy has sought to come to terms with such challenges during the last decade or so political Islam itself has evolved. Experts point to the growing complexity and variety of trends within political Islam. Some Islamist organisations have strengthened their commitment to democratic norms and engaged fully in peaceable, mainstream national politics. Others remain wedded to violent means. And still others have drifted towards a more quietist form of Islam, disengaged from political activity. Political Islam in the MENA region presents no uniform trend to European policymakers. Analytical debate has grown around the concept of ‘radicalisation’. This in turn has spawned research on the factors driving ‘de-radicalisation’, and conversely, ‘re-radicalisation’. Much of the complexity derives from the widely held view that all three of these phenomena are occurring at the same time. Even the terms themselves are contested. It has often been pointed out that the moderate–radical dichotomy fails fully to capture the nuances of trends within political Islam. Some analysts also complain that talk of ‘radicalism’ is ideologically loaded. At the level of terminology, we understand radicalisation to be associated with extremism, but views differ over the centrality of its religious–fundamentalist versus political content, and over whether the willingness to resort to violence is implied or not.
Such differences are reflected in the views held by the Islamists themselves, as well as in the perceptions of outsiders.
Political Islam and European Foreign Policy
POLITICAL ISLAM AND THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY
MICHAEL EMERSON
RICHARD YOUNGS
Since 2001 and the international events that ensued the nature of the relationship between the West and political Islam has become a definingissue for foreign policy. In recent years a considerable amount of research and analysis has been undertaken on the issue of political Islam. This has helped to correct some of the simplistic and alarmist assumptions previously held in the West about the nature of Islamist values and intentions. Parallel to this, the European Union (EU) has developed a number of policy initiatives primarily the European Neighbourhood Policy(ENP) that in principle commit to dialogue and deeper engagement all(non-violent) political actors and civil society organisations within Arab countries. Yet many analysts and policy-makers now complain of a certain a trophy in both conceptual debate and policy development. It has been established that political Islam is a changing landscape, deeply affected bya range of circumstances, but debate often seems to have stuck on the simplistic question of ‘are Islamists democratic?’ Many independent analysts have nevertheless advocated engagement with Islamists, but theactual rapprochement between Western governments and Islamist organisations remains limited .
The Moderate Muslim Brotherhood
Robert S. Leiken
Steven Brooke
Europe’s Engagement with Moderate Islamists
Kristina Kausch
Società civile e democratizzazione nel mondo arabo
il 500 musulmani più influenti
Giovanni Esposito
Ibrahim Kalin
La pubblicazione che avete in mano è il primo di quello che ci auguriamo possa essere di serie anannual che fornisce una finestra sul motori e gli agitatori del Muslimworld. Abbiamo cercato di evidenziare le persone che sono influenti come musulmani, thatis, persone la cui influenza deriva dalla loro pratica dell'Islam o dal factthat sono musulmano. Riteniamo che questo fornisca informazioni preziose sui diversi modi in cui i musulmani influenzano il mondo, e mostra anche la diversità di come le persone vivono come musulmani oggi. L'influenza è un concetto complicato. Il suo significato deriva dalla parola latina influens che significa flusso, indicando una vecchia idea astrologica che le forze invisibili (come la luna) influenzare l'umanità. Le cifre di questo elenco hanno la capacità di influenzare anche l'umanità. In una varietà di modi diversi, ogni persona in questo elenco ha influenza sulla vita di un gran numero di persone sulla terra. Il 50 figure più influenti sono profilate. La loro influenza proviene da una varietà di fonti; tuttavia sono unificati dal fatto che ciascuno di essi colpisce vaste aree dell'umanità. Abbiamo poi suddiviso il 500 leader in 15 categorie: accademico, Politico,Amministrativo, Lignaggio, Predicatori, Donne, Gioventù, Filantropia, Sviluppo,Scienze e tecnologia, Arte e cultura, Mezzi di comunicazione, Radicali, Reti islamiche internazionali, e Questioni del giorno, per aiutarti a comprendere i diversi tipi di modi in cui l'Islam e i musulmani influenzano il mondo di oggi. Due elenchi compositi mostrano come l'influenza funziona in modi diversi: InternationalIslamic Networks mostra le persone che sono a capo di importanti reti transnazionali di musulmani, e Issues of the Day mette in evidenza gli individui la cui importanza è dovuta ai problemi attuali che interessano l'umanità.
POLITICAL ISLAM and the West
JOHN L.ESPOSITO
At the dawn of the 21st centurypolitical Islam, ormore commonly Islamicfundamentalism, remainsa major presence in governments andoppositional politics from North Africato Southeast Asia. New Islamic republicshave emerged in Afghanistan,Iran, and Sudan. Islamists have beenelected to parliaments, served in cabinets,and been presidents, prime ministers,and deputy prime ministers innations as diverse as Algeria, Egitto, Indonesia,Giordania, Kuwait, Libano,Malaysia, Pakistan, and Yemen. At thesame time opposition movements andradical extremist groups have sought todestabilize regimes in Muslim countriesand the West. Americans have witnessedattacks on their embassies fromKenya to Pakistan. Terrorism abroadhas been accompanied by strikes ondomestic targets such as the WorldTrade Center in New York. In recentyears, Saudi millionaire Osama binLaden has become emblematic of effortsto spread international violence
riforma bollettino arabo
riforma bollettino arabo
Muslim Brotherhood Guide Mohamed Mahdi Akef’s decision to step down at the end of his first term in January 2009 is an important milestone for the largest opposition group in Egypt for two reasons. First, whoever the successor is, he will not enjoy the same historical legitimacy as Akef, who joined the Brotherhood at an early stage and worked with its founder, Hassan al-Banna. All of the potential replacements belong to another generation and lack the gravitas of Akef and his predecessors, which helped them resolve or at least postpone some organizational disputes. The second reason is that Akef, who presided over a major political opening of the group in which its various intellectual orientations were clearly manifested, has the ability to manage diversity. This has been clear in his relations with leaders of the organization’s different currents and generations and his ability to bridge gaps between them. No candidate for the post seems to possess this skill, except perhaps Deputy Guide Khairat al-Shater, whose chances seem nil because he is currently imprisoned.
Reneging on Reform: Egypt and Tunisia
Jeffrey Azarva
On November 6, 2003, President George W. Bush proclaimed, “Sixty years of Western nations excusingand accommodating the lack of freedom in the Middle East did nothing to make us safe—because in the longrun, stability cannot be purchased at the expense of liberty.” This strategic shift, coupled with the invasionsof Iraq and Afghanistan, put regional governments on notice. The following spring, Tunisia’s president, ZineEl Abidine Bin Ali, and Egypt’s president, Hosni Mubarak—stalwart allies in the U.S.-led war on terrorismand two of North Africa’s most pro-American rulers—were among the first Arab leaders to visit Washingtonand discuss reform. But with this “Arab spring” has come the inadvertent rise of Islamist movementsthroughout the region. Now, as U.S. policymakers ratchet down pressure, Egypt and Tunisia see a greenlight to backtrack on reform.