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The Arab Tomorrow

DAVID B. OTTAWAY

listopad 6, 1981, was meant to be a day of celebration in Egypt. It marked the anniversary of Egypt’s grandest moment of victory in three Arab-Israeli conflicts, when the country’s underdog army thrust across the Suez Canal in the opening days ofthe 1973 Yom Kippur War and sent Israeli troops reeling in retreat. On a cool, cloudless morning, the Cairo stadium was packed with Egyptian families that had come to see the military strut its hardware.On the reviewing stand, President Anwar el-Sadat,the war’s architect, watched with satisfaction as men and machines paraded before him. I was nearby, a newly arrived foreign correspondent.Suddenly, one of the army trucks halted directly in front of the reviewing stand just as six Mirage jets roared overhead in an acrobatic performance, painting the sky with long trails of red, yellow, purple,and green smoke. Sadat stood up, apparently preparing to exchange salutes with yet another contingent of Egyptian troops. He made himself a perfect target for four Islamist assassins who jumped from the truck, stormed the podium, and riddled his body with bullets.As the killers continued for what seemed an eternity to spray the stand with their deadly fire, I considered for an instant whether to hit the ground and risk being trampled to death by panicked spectators or remain afoot and risk taking a stray bullet. Instinct told me to stay on my feet, and my sense of journalistic duty impelled me to go find out whether Sadat was alive or dead.

ISLAM, DEMOKRACIJA & SAD:

Zaklada Cordoba

Abdullah Faliq |

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POLITIČKI ISLAM U SOMALIJI

Georg-Sebastian Holzer

Od napada od 9/11 Somalija je ponovno postala predmet pozornosti Sjedinjenih Država i Europe. Kao arhetip propale države, prijetnja koju predstavlja izjednačena je s onom s kojom su se SAD suočile u Afganistanu i smatra se plodnim tlom za radikalne islamske skupine, posebice al-Qaeda. Međutim, islam u Somaliji ima posebnu prirodu. Ispitivanje njegove povijesti vodi do razumijevanja složenog odnosa između religije i somaličkog društva. Pomnije istraživanje dviju najvažnijih islamističkih skupina, al-Itihad i Vijeće islamskih sudova, pomoći će razumjeti ovaj odnos u kontekstu suvremene Somalije. Konačno, ovaj članak analizira ulogu islama u novoj ekonomiji Somalije fokusirajući se na primjer tvrtke za doznake i telekomunikacije al-Barakaat koju su SAD povezale s al-Qaidom nakon 9/11 teroristički napadi. ​​POSEBNA PRIRODA ISLAMA U SOMALIJI Povijest islama na Rogu Afrike proteže se 1400 godina unazad.. Vjera je na Rog Afrike stigla s Arapskog poluotoka putem trgovine i migracija, uglavnom iz Jemena i Omana.1Do 1400.n.e, u Somaliji se odvijao veliki prelazak na islam, prva proširila obitelj klana Dir, ali slijedi ostatak nacije.2 U Somaliji danas, skoro 100% stanovništva su sunitski muslimani, općenito se pridržavajući šafijske verzije religije.Kao što je I.M. Lewis je istaknuo, ovo je bilo usko povezano s genealoškim mitovima o identitetu somalijskih klanova i karakterizirano je štovanjem svetaca kao i predaka raznih somalijskih klanova. Apolitički sufizam tradicionalno je dominirao ovom vjerom.

Civil society and Democratization in the Arab World

Saad Eddin Ibrahim

Even if Islam is the Answer, Arab Muslims are the Problem

In May 2008, the Arab nation experienced a number of fires, or rather, armed conflicts—u

Libanon, Irak, Palestina, Yemen, and Somalia. In these conflicts,

the warring parties used Islam as the instrument for mobilization

and amassing support. Collectively, Muslims are

waging war against Muslims.

After some Muslims raised the slogan of “Islam is the solution,”

to

became apparent “their Islam is the problem.” No sooner have some of them acquired weapons,

than they raised it against the state and its ruling regime regardless of

whether that regime was ruling in the name of Islam or not.

We have

seen this in recent years between the followers of Osama bin Laden

and the Al-Qaeda organization on the one hand, and the authorities in

the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on the other. We have also seen an

explosive example of this phenomenon in Morocco, whose king rules in the name of Islam and

whose title is the ‘Prince of the Faithful.’ Thus each Muslim faction kills other Muslims in the

name of Islam.

A quick glance at the contents of the media confirms how the

term Islam and its associated symbols have become mere tools in the hands of these Muslims.

Prominent examples of these Islam-exploiting factions are:

The Muslim Brotherhood, Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and Jamiat al-Islamiyya, in Egypt

Hamas and the Islamic Jihad Movement, in Palestine Hezbollah, Fatah al-Islam,

and Jamiat al-Islammiyya, in Lebanon The Houthi Zayadi rebels and the Islamic Reform Grouping

(Islah), inYemen The Islamic courts, in Somalia The Islamic Front ,

ZD Scribd iPaper

the 500 most influential muslims

Ivan Esposito

Ibrahim Kalin

The publication you have in your hands is the first of what we hope will be anannual series that provides a window into the movers and shakers of the Muslimworld. We have strived to highlight people who are influential as Muslims, thatis, people whose influence is derived from their practice of Islam or from the factthat they are Muslim. We think that this gives valuable insight into the differentways that Muslims impact the world, and also shows the diversity of how peopleare living as Muslims today.Influence is a tricky concept. Its meaning derives from the Latin word influensmeaning to flow-in, pointing to an old astrological idea that unseen forces (like themoon) affect humanity. The figures on this list have the ability to affect humanitytoo. In a variety of different ways each person on this list has influence over thelives of a large number of people on the earth. The 50 most influential figuresare profiled. Their influence comes from a variety of sources; however they areunified by the fact that they each affect huge swathes of humanity.We have then broken up the 500 leaders into 15 categories—Scholarly, Political,Administrative, Lineage, Preachers, Žene, Youth, Philanthropy, Development,Science and Technology, Arts and Culture, Mediji, Radicals, International IslamicNetworks, and Issues of the Day—to help you understand the different kinds ofways Islam and Muslims impact the world today.Two composite lists show how influence works in different ways: InternationalIslamic Networks shows people who are at the head of important transnationalnetworks of Muslims, and Issues of the Day highlights individuals whoseimportance is due to current issues affecting humanity.

ISLAHSKI POKRET: Islamska umjerenost u ratom razorenoj Somaliji

Abdurahman M. Abdullahi

Rast islamskih pokreta privlači sve veći interes tijekom posljednja tri desetljeća, posebno nakon 9/11 napad na američke mete i naknadnu objavu Globalnog rata protiv terorizma. Mnogi čimbenici pridonijeli su ovom rastu; jedan od glavnih uzroka bio je neuspjeh postkolonijalnih država u mnogim muslimanskim zemljama i privlačnost oporbenog islamskog pristupa kao alternative. Ti su pokreti išli različitim2 smjerovima kako bi ostvarili svoje planove i formulirali različite metodologije i strategije zbog različitih uvjeta i okruženja u kojem su rasli i djeluju2. Na primjer, neki pokreti u diktatorskim režimima ili u muslimanskim zajednicama pod stranom okupacijom ili oni koji žive kao marginalizirana manjina mogu pribjeći nasilju kao jedinom dostupnom sredstvu političkog izražavanja. S druge strane, pokreti u demokratskom okruženju obično sudjeluju u demokratskom političkom procesu i provode uspješne društvene programe3. U kontekstu Somalije, Somalski studenti na sveučilištima arapskog svijeta 1960-ih su bili u interakciji s različitim islamskim skupinama, prigrlio slične ideje i postupno formirao usporedive pokrete. Posebno, dvije glavne organizacije postale su istaknutije od 1980-ih; naime Muslimanskom bratstvu pridruženom Islamu(reforma) Pokret (1978) i neoselefijski povezani al-Ittihad(Islamska zajednica) Pokret (1980) i njegovih uzastopnih izdanaka .