L-Iskrizzjonijiet kollha fil- "Palestina" Kategorija
L-Għarab Għarbi
DAVID B. OTTAWAY
Ottubru 6, 1981, kien maħsub li jkun jum ta’ ċelebrazzjoni fl-Eġittu. Immarka l-anniversarju tal-akbar mument ta’ rebħa tal-Eġittu fi tliet kunflitti Għarab-Iżraeljani, meta l-armata underdog tal-pajjiż imbuttat tul il-Kanal ta 'Suez fil-ġranet tal-ftuħ tal- 1973 Il-Gwerra ta’ Yom Kippur u bagħtet truppi Iżraeljani tkebbib f’irtir. Fuq jibred, filgħodu bla sħab, l-istadium tal-Kajr kien ippakkjat bil-familji Eġizzjani li kienu ġew biex jaraw il-militar jissawwab il-hardware tiegħu.Fuq l-istand tar-reviżjoni, President Anwar el-Sadat,il-perit tal-gwerra, raw b'sodisfazzjon kif irġiel u magni parad quddiemu. Kont fil-qrib, korrispondent barrani li għadu kif wasal.F’daqqa waħda, wieħed mit-trakkijiet tal-armata waqaf direttament quddiem l-istand tar-reviżjoni eżatt kif sitt ġettijiet Mirage ħarġu fuq rashom fi prestazzjoni akrobatika, pittura s-sema bi traċċi twal aħmar, isfar, vjola,u duħħan aħdar. Sadat qam bil-wieqfa, milli jidher qed jipprepara biex jiskambja tislima ma’ kontinġent ieħor ta’ truppi Eġizzjani. Huwa għamel lilu nnifsu mira perfetta għal erba’ assassini Iżlamiċi li qabżu minn fuq it-trakk, daħlet fuq il-podju, u mifni ġismu bil-balal. Hekk kif il-qattiela komplew għal dik li dehret eternità biex isprejjaw l-istand bin-nar fatali tagħhom, Jien ikkunsidrajt għal instant jekk għandux nolqot l-art u nirriskjax li niġi maqtula sal-mewt minn spettaturi ippanikjati jew jekk nibqax bil-mixi u nirriskja li nieħu balla mitlufa. L-istint qalli biex nibqa’ fuq saqajja, u s-sens ta’ dmir ġurnalistiku tiegħi ġegħluni biex immur insir naf jekk Sadat kienx ħaj jew mejjet.
FEMINISMU BEJN SEKULAŻMU U IŻLAMISMU: IL-KAŻ TAL-PALESTINA
Dr, Islah Jad
ATTIVIŻMU TAN-NISA IŻLAMISTI FIL-PALESTINA OKUPPATA
Intervisti minn Khaled Amayreh
Intervista ma' Sameera Al-Halayka
Iżlam, Iżlam politiku u l-Amerika
Għarfien Għarbi
Hija "Fratellanza" ma 'l-Amerika Possibbli?
khalil al-anani
GĦERUQ TA 'KUNĊEPTI ŻBAL
IBRAHIM KALIN
Okkupazzjoni, Kolonjaliżmu, Apartheid?
Il-Kunsill tar-Riċerka tax-Xjenzi Umani
L-ISLAM, DEMOKRAZIJA & L-Istati Uniti:
Fondazzjoni Cordoba
Abdullah Faliq |
Intro ,
Il-politika tal-Ħamas tal-Istati Uniti timblokka l-paċi fil-Lvant Nofsani
Henry Siegman
Iżlamiżmu rivedut
MAHA AZZAM
PREĊIŻJONI FIL-GWERRA GLOBALI DWAR IT-TERROR:
Sherifa zuhur
EGYPT’S MUSLIM BROTHERS: CONFRONTATION OR INTEGRATION?
Research
Iraq and the Future of Political Islam
James Piscatori
Islam and Democracy
ITAC
Challenging Authoritarianism, Kolonjaliżmu, and Disunity: The Islamic Political Reform Movements of al-Afghani and Rida
Ahmed Ali Salem
These reformers perceived the decline of the Muslim world in general,
and of the Ottoman Empire in particular, to be the result of an increasing
disregard for implementing the Shari`ah (Islamic law). Madankollu, since the
late eighteenth century, an increasing number of reformers, sometimes supported
by the Ottoman sultans, began to call for reforming the empire along
modern European lines. The empire’s failure to defend its lands and to
respond successfully to the West’s challenges only further fueled this call
for “modernizing” reform, which reached its peak in the Tanzimat movement
in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Other Muslim reformers called for a middle course. On the one hand,
they admitted that the caliphate should be modeled according to the Islamic
sources of guidance, especially the Qur’an and Prophet Muhammad’s
teachings (Sunnah), and that the ummah’s (the world Muslim community)
unity is one of Islam’s political pillars. Minn naha l-ohra, they realized the
need to rejuvenate the empire or replace it with a more viable one. Tabilħaqq,
their creative ideas on future models included, but were not limited to, il
following: replacing the Turkish-led Ottoman Empire with an Arab-led
caliphate, building a federal or confederate Muslim caliphate, establishing
a commonwealth of Muslim or oriental nations, and strengthening solidarity
and cooperation among independent Muslim countries without creating
a fixed structure. These and similar ideas were later referred to as the
Muslim league model, which was an umbrella thesis for the various proposals
related to the future caliphate.
Two advocates of such reform were Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and
Muhammad `Abduh, both of whom played key roles in the modern
Islamic political reform movement.1 Their response to the dual challenge
facing the Muslim world in the late nineteenth century – European colonization
and Muslim decline – was balanced. Their ultimate goal was to
revive the ummah by observing the Islamic revelation and benefiting
from Europe’s achievements. Madankollu, they disagreed on certain aspects
and methods, as well as the immediate goals and strategies, of reform.
While al-Afghani called and struggled mainly for political reform,
`Abduh, once one of his close disciples, developed his own ideas, which
emphasized education and undermined politics.
Arċipelagu Musulman
L massimu. Gross
Democracy in Islamic Political Thought
Azzam S. Tamimi