Tüm verileri de "Lübnan" Kategori
Arap Yarın
DAVID B. Ottaway
Ekim 6, 1981, Mısır'da kutlama günü olması gerekiyordu. Üç Arap-İsrail çatışmalarında zaferin Mısır'ın görkemli anın yıldönümünü kutladı, ne zaman açılış günlerde Süveyş Kanalı üzerinden ülkenin ezilen ordusu itme ofthe 1973 Yom Kippur Savaşı ve İsrail askerleri geri çekilmekte yuvarladı. Bir serin üzerinde, bulutsuz sabah, Kahire stadyum askeri onun hardware.On inceleme standını payanda görmeye gelmişti Mısırlı aileler ile doluydu, Başkan Enver Sedat,savaşın mimarı, erkek ve makineler ondan önce teşhir olarak memnuniyetle izledim. Yakınlardaydım, Bir yeni gelen yabancı correspondent.Suddenly, Altı Mirage jetlerinin bir akrobatik performans havai kükredi gibi ordu kamyon biri inceleme standında doğrudan önünde durdurdu, kırmızı uzun yollar ile gökyüzü boyama, Sarı, mor,ve yeşil duman. Sedat ayağa kalktı, görünüşte Mısır askerlerinin bir başka olasılık olsa da değişim selamı hazırlanıyor. Kamyonun atlayan dört İslamcı suikastçiyi kendini mükemmel bir hedef haline, podyumu bastı, ve bullets.As ile ölümcül ateşle standını sprey için bir sonsuzluk görünüyordu devam katilleri bedenini deşik, Yere ve riski vurmak ister bir an için kabul paniklemiş seyirci tarafından ezilerek veya ayakta kalması ve risk serseri bir kurşun alarak ediliyor. İçgüdü ayaklarımın üzerinde durmamı söyledi, ve gazetecilik görev alma duyum Sedat ölü ya da diri olup olmadığını öğrenmek gitmemi iten.
Challenging Authoritarianism, Sömürgecilik, and Disunity: The Islamic Political Reform Movements of al-Afghani and Rida
Ahmed Ali Salem
These reformers perceived the decline of the Muslim world in general,
and of the Ottoman Empire in particular, to be the result of an increasing
disregard for implementing the Shari`ah (İslam hukuku). ancak, since the
late eighteenth century, an increasing number of reformers, sometimes supported
by the Ottoman sultans, began to call for reforming the empire along
modern European lines. The empire’s failure to defend its lands and to
respond successfully to the West’s challenges only further fueled this call
for “modernizing” reform, which reached its peak in the Tanzimat movement
in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Other Muslim reformers called for a middle course. On the one hand,
they admitted that the caliphate should be modeled according to the Islamic
sources of guidance, especially the Qur’an and Prophet Muhammad’s
teachings (Sunnah), and that the ummah’s (the world Muslim community)
unity is one of Islam’s political pillars. Öte yandan, they realized the
need to rejuvenate the empire or replace it with a more viable one. Aslında,
their creative ideas on future models included, but were not limited to, the
following: replacing the Turkish-led Ottoman Empire with an Arab-led
caliphate, building a federal or confederate Muslim caliphate, establishing
a commonwealth of Muslim or oriental nations, and strengthening solidarity
and cooperation among independent Muslim countries without creating
a fixed structure. These and similar ideas were later referred to as the
Muslim league model, which was an umbrella thesis for the various proposals
related to the future caliphate.
Two advocates of such reform were Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and
Muhammad `Abduh, both of whom played key roles in the modern
Islamic political reform movement.1 Their response to the dual challenge
facing the Muslim world in the late nineteenth century – European colonization
and Muslim decline – was balanced. Their ultimate goal was to
revive the ummah by observing the Islamic revelation and benefiting
from Europe’s achievements. ancak, they disagreed on certain aspects
and methods, as well as the immediate goals and strategies, of reform.
While al-Afghani called and struggled mainly for political reform,
`Abduh, once one of his close disciples, developed his own ideas, hangisi
emphasized education and undermined politics.
Organizational Continuity in Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood
Tess Lee Eisenhart
Laiklik, Tefsir etme, and Empire: The Politics of Islamic Reformation
Saba Mahmood
Hizbollah’s Political Manifesto 2009
İslam Siyasi Kültürü, Demokrasi, ve İnsan Hakları
Daniel E. Fiyat
İslam Siyasi Kültürü, Demokrasi, ve İnsan Hakları
Daniel E. Fiyat
İslamcı Muhalefet Partileri ve AB Katılım Potansiyeli
Toby Archer
Heidi Huuhtanen
Ortadoğu'da Siyasal İslam
Vardır Knudsen
Islamist Parties : why they can’t be democratic
Bassam Tibi
SİYASAL İSLAM etkilemekle STRATEJİLERİ
ŞADİ HAMID
AMANDA Kadlec
İSLAMCI HAREKETLERİ VE ARAP DÜNYASINDA DEMOKRATİK SÜREÇ: Gri bölgeler keşfetmek
Nathan J. Kahverengi, Amr Hamzawy,
Marina Ottaway
Siyasal İslam ve Avrupa Dış Politikası
SİYASİ İSLAM VE AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI
MICHAEL EMERSON
RICHARD GENÇLER
Dan beri 2001 Batı ile siyasal İslam arasındaki ilişkinin doğasını takip eden uluslararası olaylar, dış politika için belirleyici bir konu haline geldi.. Son yıllarda siyasal İslam konusunda önemli miktarda araştırma ve analiz yapılmıştır.. Bu, İslamcı değerlerin ve niyetlerin doğası hakkında daha önce Batı'da kabul edilen bazı basit ve alarmcı varsayımların düzeltilmesine yardımcı oldu.. Buna paralel, Avrupa Birliği (Bence) başta Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası olmak üzere bir dizi politika girişimi geliştirmiştir.(ENP) prensipte diyaloga ve daha derin bir angajmana adanan(öfkesini kontrol edebilen) Arap ülkelerindeki siyasi aktörler ve sivil toplum kuruluşları. Yine de birçok analist ve politika yapıcı şimdi hem kavramsal tartışmada hem de politika geliştirmede kesin bir ödül olduğundan şikayet ediyor.. Siyasal İslam'ın değişen bir manzara olduğu tespit edildi, bir dizi koşuldan derinden etkilenir, ancak tartışma genellikle basit bir soru olan "İslamcılar demokratik mi?" sorusuna takılıp kalmış görünüyor.?Yine de birçok bağımsız analist, İslamcılarla angajmanı savundu., ancak Batılı hükümetler ve İslamcı örgütler arasındaki fiili yakınlaşma sınırlı kalıyor. .
ISLAMIC RULINGS ON WARFARE
The United States no doubt will be involved in the Middle East for many decades. To be sure, settling the Israeli–Palestinian dispute or alleviating poverty could help to stem the tides of Islamic radicalism and anti-American sentiment. But on an ideological level, we must confront a specific interpretation of Islamic law, history,and scripture that is a danger to both the United States and its allies. To win that ideological war, we must understand the sources of both Islamic radicalism and liberalism. We need to comprehend more thoroughly the ways in which militants misinterpret and pervert Islamic scripture. Al-Qaeda has produced its own group of spokespersons who attempt to provide religious legitimacy to the nihilism they preach. Many frequently quote from the Quran and hadith (the Prophet Muhammad’s sayings and deeds) in a biased manner to draw justification for their cause. Lieutenant Commander Youssef Aboul-Enein and Dr. Sherifa Zuhur delve into the Quran and hadith to articulate a means by which Islamic militancy can be countered ideologically, drawing many of their insights from these and other classical Islamic texts. In so doing, they expose contradictions and alternative approaches in the core principles that groups like al-Qaeda espouse. The authors have found that proper use of Islamic scripture actually discredits the tactics of al-Qaeda and other jihadist organizations. This monograph provides a basis for encouraging our Muslim allies to challenge the theology supported by Islamic militants. Seeds of doubt planted in the minds of suicide bombers might dissuade them from carrying out their missions. The Strategic Studies Institute is pleased to offer this study of Islamic rulings on warfare to the national defense community as an effort to contribute to the ongoing debate over how to defeat Islamic militancy.
From Rebel Movement to Political Party
Alastair Crooke
The view held by many in the West that transformation from an armed resistance movement to political party should be linear, should be preceded by a renunciation of violence, should be facilitated by civil society and brokered by moderate politicians has little reality for the case of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas). This is not to suggest that Hamas has not been subject to a political transformation: it has. But that transformation has been achieved in spite of Western efforts and not facilitated by those efforts. While remaining a resistance movement, Hamas has become the government of the Palestinian Authority and has modified its military posture. But this transformation has taken a different course from the one outlined in traditional conflict resolution models. Hamas and other Islamist groups continue to see themselves as resistance movements, but increasingly they see the prospect that their organizations may evolve into political currents that are focused on non-violent resistance.Standard conflict resolution models rely heavily on Western experience in conflict resolution and often ignore the differences of approach in the Islamic history of peace-making. Not surprisingly, the Hamas approach to political negotiation is different in style to that of the West. Also, as an Islamist movement that shares the wider optic of the impact of the West on their societies, Hamas has requirements of authenticity and legitimacy within its own constituency that bear on the importance attached to maintaining an armed capability. These factors, together with the overwhelming effect of long term conflict on a community’s psychology (an aspect that receives little attention in Western models that put preponderant weight on political analysis), suggests that the transformation process for Hamas has been very different from the transformation of arms movements in traditional analysis. Buna ek olarak, the harsh landscape of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict gives the Hamas experience its special characteristics.Hamas is in the midst of an important transformation, but the political currents within Israel, and within the region, make the outcome of this transformation unpredictable. Much will depend on the course of Western policy (its “Global War on Terror”) and how that policy effects revivalist Islamist groups such as Hamas, groups that are committed to elections, reform and good-governance.
Arab Reform Bulletin
group of researchers
Mısır: Regression in the Muslim Brotherhood’s Party Platform?
Amr hamzawy