RSSL-Iskrizzjonijiet kollha fil- "Oħrajn" Kategorija

NISA IRANJI WARA IR-RIVOLUZZJONI IŻLAMIKA

Ansiia Khaz Allii


Għaddew aktar minn tletin sena mit-trijonf tar-Rivoluzzjoni Iżlamika fl-Iran, għadhom għad hemm a numru ta’ mistoqsijiet u ambigwitajiet dwar il-mod kif ir-Repubblika Iżlamika u l-liġijiet tagħha jittrattaw problemi kontemporanji u ċirkostanzi attwali, partikolarment fir-rigward tan-nisa u d-drittijiet tan-nisa. Dan id-dokument qasir se jitfa’ dawl fuq dawn il-kwistjonijiet u jistudja l-pożizzjoni attwali tan-nisa f’diversi sferi, meta tqabbel dan mas-sitwazzjoni qabel ir-Rivoluzzjoni Iżlamika. Intużat data affidabbli u awtentikata kull fejn hu possibbli. L-introduzzjoni tiġbor fil-qosor numru ta 'studji teoretiċi u legali li jipprovdu l- bażi għall-analiżi sussegwenti aktar prattika u huma s-sorsi minn fejn tkun inkisbet id-dejta.
L-ewwel taqsima tikkunsidra attitudnijiet tat-tmexxija tar-Repubblika Iżlamika tal-Iran lejn in-nisa u drittijiet tan-nisa, and then takes a comprehensive look at the laws promulgated since the Islamic Revolution concerning women and their position in society. The second section considers women’s cultural and educational developments since the Revolution and compares these to the pre-revolutionary situation. Il third section looks at women’s political, social and economic participation and considers both quantative and qualitative aspects of their employment. The fourth section then examines questions of the family, il relationship between women and the family, and the family’s role in limiting or increasing women’s rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Dwar il-Kostituzzjoni Amerikana mill-Perspettiva tal-Koran u l-Patt ta 'Madinah

Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad

Dan id-dokument bl-ebda mod mhu paragun eżawrjenti tal-Kostituzzjoni Amerikana mal-Koran u l-Patt ta’ Madinah. Anzi, tesplora t-tipi ta’ għarfien li jista’ jissuġġerixxi tqabbil bejn dawn iż-żewġ dokumenti. Għaldaqstant, is-suġġetti kostituzzjonali magħżula huma dawk li fihom l-awtur jew il-kummentaturi fuq abbozzi preċedenti pperċepew valutazzjoni fi ħdan is-sorsi Iżlamiċi.4 Dan id-dokument għandu jittieħed bħala stedina għal studji futuri b’paraguni aktar sistematiċi.. Minbarra l-inferenza razzjonali mit-test tal-Koran u tal-Patt ta 'Madinah, Jien ser nibbaża fuq il-fehmiet tal-Kumpannji tal-Profeta kif irreġistrati fil-kotba ewlenin tal-Hadith. B'mod analogu, l-opinjonijiet tal-Missirijiet Fundaturi tar-Repubblika Amerikana dwar kostituzzjonali
l-affarijiet huma artikolati f'The Federalist Papers.Aħna nibdew billi nirrevedu l-Patt ta' Madinah, u mbagħad tevalwa l-għanijiet tal-Kostituzzjoni kif espressi fil-preambolu. Wara, se nesploraw varjetà ta' suġġetti fil-parti prinċipali tat-test li jippreferu lilhom infushom għall-eżami propost hawnhekk. Partikolarment, dawn huma r-rwoli tal-fergħat tal-gvern skont is-separazzjoni tas-setgħat, ir-rwol tal-elezzjonijiet fid-determinazzjoni tal-kap tal-istat li jmiss, il-piena għal tradiment, l-eżistenza tal-kummerċ tal-iskjavi u r-razziżmu, il-forma repubblikana tal-gvern, id-dispożizzjonijiet biex tiġi emendata l-Kostituzzjoni, testijiet reliġjużi, u l-Abbozz tad-Drittijiet. Fl-aħħarnett, nqisu l-argumenti Madisonjani dwar kif il-Kostituzzjoni tista' titqies bħala mudell biex tiġi evitata l-fitnah.
Il-Patt ta 'Madinah Li l-Musulmani jagħtu sinifikat kbir lill-organizzazzjoni tagħhom bħala komunità politika jista' jidher fil-fatt li l-kalendarju tagħhom la huwa datat mit-twelid u lanqas mill-mewt tal-Profeta., imma mit-twaqqif tal-ewwel politika Musulmana fil-belt-stat ta’ Madinah fi 622. Qabel ma twaqqfet Madinah, l-Għarab ma kellhom l-ebda stat biex “jistabbilixxi l-ġustizzja, tassigura domestiċi
trankwillità, jipprovdu għad-difiża komuni, jippromwovu l-benesseri ġenerali, u assigura l-barkiet tal-libertà …” Dak iż- żmien id- drawwa kienet li dawk li kienu dgħajfa wisq biex jipproteġu lilhom infushom saru klijenti taʼ protettur (wali). Muhammad, innifsu orfni, trabba taħt il-protezzjoni taz-ziju tiegħu Abu Talib.
Wara l-mewt ta’ zijuh fi 619, Muhammad irċieva stedina mit-tribujiet Għarab ta’ Yathrib biex jiggvernaw hemmhekk. Darba f'Yathrib, daħal f’patt mar-residenti kollha tiegħu, jekk aċċettawx l-Islam jew le. Anke l-Lhud li kienu jgħixu fil-periferija tal-belt issottoskrivu għaliha.

Il-politika tal-Ħamas tal-Istati Uniti timblokka l-paċi fil-Lvant Nofsani

Henry Siegman


Taħditiet bilaterali falluti fuq dawn il-passat 16 snin urew li ftehim ta’ paċi fil-Lvant Nofsani qatt ma jista’ jintlaħaq mill-partijiet infushom. Il-gvernijiet Iżraeljani jemmnu li jistgħu jisfidaw il-kundanna internazzjonali tal-proġett kolonjali illegali tagħhom fix-Xatt tal-Punent għax jistgħu joqogħdu fuq l-Istati Uniti biex jopponu sanzjonijiet internazzjonali. Taħditiet bilaterali li mhumiex inkwadrati minn parametri fformulati mill-Istati Uniti (ibbażata fuq riżoluzzjonijiet tal-Kunsill tas-Sigurtà, il-ftehim ta’ Oslo, l-Inizjattiva Għarbija għall-Paċi, ir-“road map” u ftehimiet oħra preċedenti Iżraeljani-Palestinjani) ma jistax jirnexxi. Il-gvern tal-Iżrael jemmen li l-Kungress tal-Istati Uniti mhux se jippermetti lil president Amerikan joħroġ tali parametri u jitlob l-aċċettazzjoni tagħhom. X'tama hemm għat-taħditiet bilaterali li jerġgħu jibdew f'Washington DC f'Settembru 2 jiddependi kompletament fuq il-President Obama jipprova li dak it-twemmin huwa żbaljat, u dwar jekk il-“bridging proposals” hu wiegħed, jekk it-taħditiet jaslu f’impass, huma ewfemiżmu għas-sottomissjoni tal-parametri Amerikani. Inizjattiva ta’ l-Istati Uniti bħal din trid toffri lill-Iżrael assigurazzjonijiet miksija bil-ħadid għas-sigurtà tiegħu fil-fruntieri tiegħu ta’ qabel l-1967., iżda fl-istess ħin irid jagħmilha ċara li dawn l-assigurazzjonijiet mhumiex disponibbli jekk l-Iżrael jinsisti li jiċħad lill-Palestinjani stat vijabbli u sovran fix-Xatt tal-Punent u f'Gaża.. Dan id-dokument jiffoka fuq l-ostaklu kbir ieħor għal ftehim ta' status permanenti: in-nuqqas ta’ interlokutur Palestinjan effettiv. Jindirizzaw l-ilmenti leġittimi tal-Ħamas - u kif innutat f'rapport riċenti tas-CENTCOM, Il-Ħamas għandu lmenti leġittimi - jista' jwassal għar-ritorn tiegħu għal gvern ta' koalizzjoni Palestinjan li jipprovdi lill-Iżrael b'sieħeb ta' paċi kredibbli. Jekk dak it-tixrid ifalli minħabba ċ-ċaħda tal-Ħamas, l-abbiltà tal-organizzazzjoni li tipprevjeni ftehim raġonevoli nnegozjat minn partiti politiċi Palestinjani oħra se tkun ġiet imfixkla b'mod sinifikanti. Jekk l-amministrazzjoni Obama mhux se tmexxi inizjattiva internazzjonali biex tiddefinixxi l-parametri ta’ ftehim Iżraeljan-Palestinjan u tippromwovi b’mod attiv ir-rikonċiljazzjoni politika Palestinjana, L-Ewropa trid tagħmel hekk, u nittama li l-Amerika ssegwi. Sfortunatament, m’hemm l-ebda bulit tal-fidda li jista’ jiggarantixxi l-għan ta’ “żewġ stati jgħixu spalla ma’ spalla fil-paċi u s-sigurtà.”
Iżda l-kors preżenti tal-President Obama jipprekludih assolutament.

ISLAMIC FAITH in AMERICA

JAMES A. BEVERLEY

AMERICA BEGINS A NEW MILLENNIUM AS ONE OF THE MOST RELIGIOUSLY diverse nations of all time. Nowhere else in the world do so many people—offered a choice free from government influence—identify with such a wide range of religious and spiritual communities. Nowhere else has the human search for meaning been so varied. In America today, there are communities and centers for worship representing all of the world’s religions.
The American landscape is dotted with churches, temples, synagogues, and mosques. Zen Buddhist zendos sit next to Pentecostal tabernacles. Hasidic Jews walk the streets with Hindu swamis. Most amazing of all, relatively little conflict has occurred among religions in America. This fact, combined with a high level of tolerance of each other’s beliefs and practices, has let America produce people of goodwill ready to try to resolve any tensions that might emerge. The Faith in America series celebrates America’s diverse religious heritage.
People of faith and ideals who longed for a better world have created a unique society where freedom of religious expression is a keynote of culture. The freedom that America offers to people of faith means that not only have ancient religions found a home
here, but that newer ways of expressing spirituality have also taken root. From huge churches in large cities to small spiritual communities in towns and villages, faith in America has never been stronger. The paths that different religions have taken through
American history is just one of the stories readers will find in this series. Like anything people create, religion is far from perfect. Madankollu, its contribution to the culture and its ability to help people are impressive, and these accomplishments will be found in all the books in the series. Sadanittant, awareness and tolerance of the different paths our neighbors take to the spiritual life has become an increasingly important part of citizenship in America.
Illum, more than ever, America as a whole puts its faith in freedom—the freedom to believe.

IS TAYYIP ERDOĞAN THE NEW NASSER

Hurriyet DailyNews
Mustafa Akyol

Last Thursday night, Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdoğan suddenly became the focus of all the news channels in the country. The reason was that he had stormed the diplomatic scene at a World Economic Forum panel in Davos by accusing Israeli President Shimon Peres forkilling people,” and reminding the biblical commandment, “Thou shall not kill.

This was not just breaking news to the media, but also music to the ears of millions of Turks who were deeply touched by the recent bloodshed that Israel caused in the Gaza Strip. Some of them even hit the streets in order to welcome Erdoğan, who had decided to come to Istanbul right away after the tense debate. Thousands of cars headed toward the Atatürk airport in the middle of the night in order to welcomethe conqueror of Davos.

’Turkey is proud of you’

I personally had a more mundane problem at that very moment. In order to catch my 5 a.m. flight, I had left home at a quite reasonable time, 2.30 a.m. But the traffic to the airport was completely locked because of the amazing number of cars destined toward it. So, after leaving the taxi at the start of the long river of vehicles, I had to walk on the highway for about two kilometers, my hands on my luggage and my eyes on the crowd. When Erdoğan finally stepped out of the terminal, while I just walking into it, thousands applauded him and started to chant, “Turkey is proud of you!”