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MULLERES IRANÍAS TRAS A REVOLUCIÓN ISLÁMICA

Ansiia Khaz Allii


Pasaron máis de trinta anos do triunfo da Revolución Islámica en Irán, aínda queda un number of questions and ambiguities about the way the Islamic Republic and its laws deal with contemporary problems and current circumstances, particularly with regard to women and women’s rights. This short paper will shed light on these issues and study the current position of women in various spheres, comparing this to the situation prior to the Islamic Revolution. Reliable and authenticated data has been used wherever possible. The introduction summarises a number of theoretical and legal studies which provide the basis for the subsequent more practical analysis and are the sources from where the data has been obtained.
The first section considers attitudes of the leadership of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards women and women’s rights, and then takes a comprehensive look at the laws promulgated since the Islamic Revolution concerning women and their position in society. The second section considers women’s cultural and educational developments since the Revolution and compares these to the pre-revolutionary situation. O third section looks at women’s political, social and economic participation and considers both quantative and qualitative aspects of their employment. The fourth section then examines questions of the family, o relationship between women and the family, and the family’s role in limiting or increasing women’s rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

| setembro 19, 2010 | comentarios 0
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On the American Constitution from the Perspective of the Qur’an and the Madinah Covenant

Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad

This paper is by no means an exhaustive comparison of the American Constitution with the Qur’an and the Madinah Covenant. Rather, it explores the kinds of insights that a comparison between these two documents may suggest. Accordingly, the constitutional topics selected are those in which the author or the commentators on earlier drafts perceived an assessment within the Islamic sources.4 This paper should be taken as an invitation for future studies with more systematic comparisons. In addition to rational inference from the text of the Qur’an and of the Madinah Covenant, I shall draw on the views of the Prophet’s Companions as recorded in the leading Hadith books. Analogously, the views of the Founding Fathers of the American Republic on constitutional
matters are articulated in The Federalist Papers.We shall begin by reviewing the Madinah Covenant, and then evaluate the Constitution’s goals as expressed in the preamble. After that, we shall explore a variety of topics in the main body of the text that lend themselves to the examination proposed here. En particular, these are the roles of the branches of government according to the separation of powers, the role of elections in determining the next head of state, the penalty for treason, the existence of the slave trade and racism, the republican form of government, the provisions for amending the Constitution, religious tests, and the Bill of Rights. finalmente, we consider the Madisonian arguments on how the Constitution may be considered a model for avoiding fitnah.
The Madinah Covenant That Muslims attach great significance to their organization as a political community can be seen in the fact that their calendar is dated neither from the birth nor the death of the Prophet, pero desde o establecemento da primeira organización política musulmá na cidade-estado de Medina en 622. Antes da fundación de Medina, os árabes non tiñan estado para “establecer xustiza, asegurar domésticos
tranquilidade, prever a defensa común, promover o benestar xeral, e conseguir as bendicións da liberdade …” O costume daquela era que os que eran demasiado débiles para protexerse convertíanse en clientes dun protector (wali). Mahoma, el mesmo orfo, criouse baixo a protección do seu tío Abu Talib.
Despois da morte do seu tío en 619, Mahoma recibiu unha invitación das tribos árabes de Yathrib para gobernar alí. Unha vez en Yathrib, fixo un pacto con todos os seus veciños, se aceptaran o Islam ou non. Incluso os xudeus que vivían na periferia da cidade subscribírono.

| setembro 09, 2010 | comentarios 0
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US Hamas policy blocks Middle East peace

Henry Siegman


Failed bilateral talks over these past 16 years have shown that a Middle East peace accord can never be reached by the parties themselves. Israeli governments believe they can defy international condemnation of their illegal colonial project in the West Bank because they can count on the US to oppose international sanctions. Bilateral talks that are not framed by US-formulated parameters (based on Security Council resolutions, the Oslo accords, the Arab Peace Initiative, the “road map” and other previous Israeli-Palestinian agreements) cannot succeed. Israel’s government believes that the US Congress will not permit an American president to issue such parameters and demand their acceptance. What hope there is for the bilateral talks that resume in Washington DC on September 2 depends entirely on President Obama proving that belief to be wrong, and on whether the “bridging proposals” he has promised, should the talks reach an impasse, are a euphemism for the submission of American parameters. Such a US initiative must offer Israel iron-clad assurances for its security within its pre-1967 borders, but at the same time must make it clear these assurances are not available if Israel insists on denying Palestinians a viable and sovereign state in the West Bank and Gaza. This paper focuses on the other major obstacle to a permanent status agreement: the absence of an effective Palestinian interlocutor. Addressing Hamas’ legitimate grievances – and as noted in a recent CENTCOM report, Hamas has legitimate grievances – could lead to its return to a Palestinian coalition government that would provide Israel with a credible peace partner. If that outreach fails because of Hamas’ rejectionism, the organization’s ability to prevent a reasonable accord negotiated by other Palestinian political parties will have been significantly impeded. If the Obama administration will not lead an international initiative to define the parameters of an Israeli-Palestinian agreement and actively promote Palestinian political reconciliation, Europe must do so, and hope America will follow. Unfortunately, there is no silver bullet that can guarantee the goal of “two states living side by side in peace and security.”
But President Obama’s present course absolutely precludes it.

| setembro 07, 2010 | comentarios 0
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ISLAMIC FAITH in AMERICA

JAMES A. Beverley

AMERICA BEGINS A NEW MILLENNIUM AS ONE OF THE MOST RELIGIOUSLY diverse nations of all time. Nowhere else in the world do so many people—offered a choice free from government influence—identify with such a wide range of religious and spiritual communities. Nowhere else has the human search for meaning been so varied. In America today, there are communities and centers for worship representing all of the world’s religions.
The American landscape is dotted with churches, temples, synagogues, and mosques. Zen Buddhist zendos sit next to Pentecostal tabernacles. Hasidic Jews walk the streets with Hindu swamis. Most amazing of all, relatively little conflict has occurred among religions in America. This fact, combined with a high level of tolerance of each other’s beliefs and practices, has let America produce people of goodwill ready to try to resolve any tensions that might emerge. The Faith in America series celebrates America’s diverse religious heritage.
People of faith and ideals who longed for a better world have created a unique society where freedom of religious expression is a keynote of culture. The freedom that America offers to people of faith means that not only have ancient religions found a home
here, but that newer ways of expressing spirituality have also taken root. From huge churches in large cities to small spiritual communities in towns and villages, faith in America has never been stronger. The paths that different religions have taken through
American history is just one of the stories readers will find in this series. Like anything people create, religion is far from perfect. con todo, its contribution to the culture and its ability to help people are impressive, and these accomplishments will be found in all the books in the series. Meanwhile, awareness and tolerance of the different paths our neighbors take to the spiritual life has become an increasingly important part of citizenship in America.
Hoxe, more than ever, America as a whole puts its faith in freedom—the freedom to believe.

| Agosto 21, 2010 | comentarios 0
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TAYYIP ERDOĞAN É O NOVO NASSER

Hurriyet DailyNews
Mustafa Akyol

O pasado xoves pola noite, O primeiro ministro turco, Tayyip Erdoğan, converteuse de súpeto no foco de todas as canles de noticias do país. A razón foi que asaltou a escena diplomática nun panel do Foro Económico Mundial en Davos acusando ao presidente israelí Shimon Peres de “matando a xente,” e lembrando o mandamento bíblico, “Non matarás.”

Non se trata só de noticias para os medios de comunicación, pero tamén música para os oídos de millóns de turcos que quedaron profundamente tocados polo recente derramamento de sangue que Israel provocou na franxa de Gaza. Algúns deles incluso saíron á rúa para dar a benvida a Erdoğan, que decidira vir a Istambul inmediatamente despois do tenso debate. Miles de coches dirixíronse cara ao aeroporto de Atatürk no medio da noite co fin de dar a benvida “o conquistador de Davos.

” "Turquía está orgullosa de ti"

Persoalmente tiña un problema máis mundano naquel momento. Para atrapar a miña 5 a.m. voo, Saíra da casa nun momento bastante razoable, 2.30 a.m. Pero o tráfico cara ao aeroporto quedou completamente bloqueado por mor do incrible número de coches destinados a el. Entón, despois de deixar o taxi no inicio do longo río de vehículos, Tiven que camiñar pola autovía uns dous quilómetros, as mans na equipaxe e os ollos na multitude. Cando Erdoğan finalmente saíu do terminal, mentres eu entro nel, miles de persoas o aplaudiron e comezaron a cantar, “Turquía está orgullosa de ti!”

| Agosto 01, 2010 | comentarios 0
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