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Musulmaņu arhipelāgs

Max L. Bruto

INDONESIA’S ELECTIONS

Bernhards Platzdašs

Muslim Americans Middle Class and Mostly Mainstream

Pew pētījumu centrs

Muslims constitute a growing and increasingly important segment of American society.Yet there is surprisingly little quantitative research about the attitudes and opinions of thissegment of the public for two reasons. First, the U.S. Census is forbidden by law from askingquestions about religious belief and affiliation, un, as a result, we know very little about thebasic demographic characteristics of Muslim Americans. Second, Muslim Americans comprisesuch a small percentage of the U.S. population that general population surveys do not interview asufficient number of them to allow for meaningful analysis.This Pew Research Center study is therefore the first ever nationwide survey to attempt tomeasure rigorously the demographics, attitudes and experiences of Muslim Americans. It buildson surveys conducted in 2006 by the Pew Global Attitudes Project of Muslim minority publics inGreat Britain, Francija, Germany and Spain. The Muslim American survey also follows on Pew’sglobal surveys conducted over the past five years with more than 30,000 Muslims in 22 nationsaround the world since 2002.The methodological approach employed was the most comprehensive ever used to studyMuslim Americans. Nearly 60,000 respondents were interviewed to find a representative sampleof Muslims. Interviews were conducted in Arabic, Urdu and Farsi, as well as English. Subsamplesof the national poll were large enough to explore how various subgroups of thepopulation — including recent immigrants, native-born converts, and selected ethnic groupsincluding those of Arab, Pakistani, and African American heritage — differ in their attitudesThe survey also contrasts the views of the Muslim population as a whole with those ofthe U.S. general population, and with the attitudes of Muslims all around the world, includingWestern Europe. Finally, findings from the survey make important contributions to the debateover the total size of the Muslim American population.The survey is a collaborative effort of a number of Pew Research Center projects,including the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, the Pew Forum on Religion &Public Life and the Pew Hispanic Center. The project was overseen by Pew Research CenterPresident Andrew Kohut and Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life Director Luis Lugo. ThePew Research Center’s Director of Survey Research, Scott Keeter, served as project director forthe study, with the close assistance of Gregory Smith, Research Fellow at the Pew Forum. Manyother Pew researchers participated in the design, execution and analysis of the survey.

Towards Understanding Islam

SAYYID MAWDUDI

THE MEANING OF ISLAM

Every religion of the world has been named either after its founder or after the community ornation in which it was born. For instance, Christianity takes its name from its prophet JesusChrist; Buddhism from its founder, Gautama Buddha; Zoroastrianism from its founderZoroaster-, and Judaism, the religion of the Jews, from the name of the tribe Judah (of thecountry of Judea) where it originated. The same is true of all other religions except Islam, whichenjoys the unique distinction of having no such association with any particular person or peopleor country. Nor is it the product of any human mind. It is a universal religion and itsobjective is to create and cultivate in man the quality and attitude of Islam.Islam, in fact, is an attributive title. Anyone who possesses this attribute, whatever race,community, country or group he belongs to, is a Muslim. According to the Qur’an (the HolyBook of the Muslims), among every people and in all ages there have been good and righteouspeople who possessed this attribute – and all of them were and are Muslims.Islam – What Does it Mean?Islam is an Arabic word and connotes submission, surrender and obedience. As a religion,Islam stands for complete submission and obedience to Allah.1Everyone can see that we live in an orderly universe, where everything is assigned a place in agrand scheme. The moon, the stars and all the heavenly bodies are knit together in amagnificent system. They follow unalterable laws and make not even the slightest deviation fromtheir ordained courses. Similarly, everything in the world, from the minute whirling electron tothe mighty nebulae, invariably follows its own laws. Matter, energy and life – all obey their lawsand grow and change and live and die in accordance with those laws. Even in the human worldthe laws of nature are paramount. Man’s birth, growth and life are all regulated by a set ofbiological laws. He derives sustenance from nature in accordance with an unalterable law. Allthe organs of his body, from the smallest tissues to the heart and the brain, are governedby the laws prescribed for them. In short, ours is a law-governed universe and everything in it isfollowing the course that has been ordained for it.

Middle East Democracy Promotion Is Not a One-way Street

Marina Ottaway

The U.S. administration is under pressure to revive democracy promotion efforts in the Middle East,but momentum toward political reform has stalled in most of the region. Opposition parties are at lowebb, and governments are more firmly in control than ever. While new forms of activism, such as laborprotests and a growing volume of blogging critical of government and opposition parties have becomewidespread, they have yet to prove effective as means of influencing leaders to change long-standingpolicies.The last time a U.S. administration faced such unfavorable circumstances in advancing political reformswas over 30 years ago, when the Helsinki process was launched during the Cold War. That experiencetaught us that the United States needs to give reluctant interlocutors something they want if itexpects them to engage on issues they would rather not address. If Washington wants Arab countriesto discuss the universal democratic principles that should underpin their political systems, it needs to beprepared to discuss the universal principles that should underpin its own Middle East policies.

ISLAMISM IN SOUTHERN EGYPT

James Toth

For years, religious violence and terrorism in Middle Eastern countries such as Egypthave splashed across the headlines and surged across the screen, announcing yet anotherround of senseless death and destruction. While Arabists and Islamicists attemptto pick their way carefully through the ideological and intellectual minefields to makesense of what is happening, the wider public generally disregards their insights andinstead sticks to what it knows best: deeply ingrained prejudices and biases. Ēģiptiešu,Arābu, Muslim—all are painted in a very unfavorable light. Even in Egypt, manybystanders show the same sorry prejudices. In the end, people simply blame the brutalityon inexplicable backward religious ideas and then move on.Yet comprehending terrorism and violence in places such as Egypt by recourse toan unnuanced religious fundamentalism is generally acknowledged not only to begthe question of why these events actually happen, but also to lead to misunderstandingsand misperceptions, and perhaps even to exacerbating existing tensions.1 Mostscholars agree that such seemingly “irrational” social behavior instead needs to beplaced in its appropriate context to be properly understood, and hence made rational.Analyzing these actions, then, involves situating this violence and destruction in theireconomic, politisks, and ideological milieu as these have developed historically, forthis so-called Islamic terrorism does not merely arise, ex nihilo, out of a timeless void.What follows, then, is one case study of one portion of the Islamic movement as itemerged principally in southern Egypt and as it was revealed through anthropologicalfieldwork conducted in one of this region’s major cities. This account takes a completelydifferent direction from that of stigmatizing this movement as a sordid collectionof terrorist organizations hell bent on the senseless destruction of Egypt and itsIslamic civilization.2 Because this view is somewhat at odds with the perceptions oflocal spectators, Egyptians in Cairo, and non–Egyptians inside and outside the country,I go to some length not only to discuss the movement itself but also to shed lighton why it might have received such negative publicity.

MB goes Rural

Hosams Tammams

The May 2008 elections of the Muslim Brotherhood Guidance Bureau show that the grouphas undergone a major transformation. The Muslim Brotherhood used to be an urban group inits membership and style of management. Now its cultural patterns and loyalties are taking ona rural garb. As a result, the Muslim Brotherhood is losing the clarity of direction and methodit once had.Over the past few years, the Muslim Brotherhood has been infused with rural elements. Itstone is becoming more and more patriarchal, and its members are showing their superiors thekind of deference associated with countryside traditions. You hear them referring to their topofficials as the “uncle hajj “, “the big hajj “, “our blessed one”, “the blessed man of ourcircle”, “the crown on our heads”, etc. Occasionally, they even kiss the hands and heads of thetop leaders. Not long ago, a Muslim Brotherhood parliamentarian kissed the hand of thesupreme guide in public.These patterns of behaviour are new to the Muslim Brotherhood, a group that emerged andoperated mostly in an urban context. The new ways of speech and behaviour, which I willrefer to as the “ruralisation” of the Muslim Brotherhood, have affected every aspect of thegroup’s internal operations. In its recent elections, the Muslim Brotherhood maintained a tightlid of secrecy, offered the public contradictory information, and generally seemed to beoperating with little regard for established procedure.The Muslim Brotherhood Shura Council elections emphasised ritual over order. The mainconcern of the Brotherhood, throughout the recent elections, seemed to be with maintainingan aura of respect for the leadership and getting the rank-and- file to offer unquestioningloyalty to top officials.A system of secondary loyalties has emerged inside the Muslim Brotherhood, in nearindependence from all considerations of institutional work. Entire geographical areas, indeedentire governorates, are now viewed as political fiefdoms pertaining to one MuslimBrotherhood leader or another. Muslim Brotherhood members would refer to a certain city orgovernorate as being the turf of certain individuals.Duplicity, another trait of rural communities, is also rampant. Feigned allegiance is common,with members saying one thing in private and another in public. As is the custom in thecountryside, deference to authority is often coupled with resistance to change. As a result,you’d see members pretending to listen to their Muslim Brotherhood superiors while payinglittle or no attention to what they say. Many of the new ideas put forward by MuslimBrotherhood leaders have been ignored, or at least diluted and then discarded.When a Brotherhood member comes up with a new idea, the Muslim Brotherhood leadershipreacts as if that member spoke out of order. Self- criticism is increasingly being frowned uponand the dominant thinking within the Brotherhood is becoming traditionalist andunquestioning.The Muslim Brotherhood has been active in recruiting teachers and professors. But most ofthe new recruits are rural in their culture and understanding of public life. Despite theirscholarly pedigree, many of the academics that have joined the Brotherhood are parochial intheir understanding of the world. The Muslim Brotherhood has nearly 3,000 universityprofessors in its ranks, and few or any of those are endowed with the habit of critical thinking.They may be academics, but they are no visionaries.In the recent Muslim Brotherhood elections, five members of the group’s Shura Council wonseats in the Guidance Bureau. Most of those were either from rural areas or people with apronounced rural lifestyle. Four were from the countryside, including Saadeddin El-Husseinifrom Sharqiya, Mohamed Hamed from Mahala Al-Kobra, Saadeddin El-Katatni from Minya.Only one was from a metropolitan centre: Osama Nasr from Alexandria.Over the past decade or so, most of the newcomers to the Guidance Bureau were from thecountryside: Mahmoud Hussein from Assiut, Sabri Arafa El-Komi from Daqahliya, andMohamed Mursi from Sharqiya. Rural governorates, such as Assiut, Minya, Daqahliya andSharqiya, are now in control of much of the Muslim Brotherhood, especially middle-rankingposts, while Cairo and Alexandria have seen their status gradually erode. The Brotherhoodleadership is encouraging the trend, for rural people are less prone to challenging theirleaders.There was a time when the Muslim Brotherhood appealed mainly to an urban audience. Butsince the late 1980s things have changed. Due to the long-running confrontation with theregime, the Muslim Brotherhood has found it harder to recruit urban supporters. Arī, the lackof innovation in Muslim Brotherhood ways has turned off many city dwellers. Instead ofjoining the Muslim Brotherhood, the young and disgruntled, as well as those seeking spiritualsalvation, have joined the Salafi current or become followers of the country’s new breed ofwell- spoken televangelists. The fact that the Muslim Brotherhood has mostly abandonedreligious propagation in favour of politics may have accelerated this trend.What the Muslim Brotherhood has to offer is something that city dwellers don’t really need.The Muslim Brotherhood offers an alternative family, a cloning of the village communitywith its personalised support system. This is something that appeals best to new arrivals fromthe countryside, to people who miss the stability and comfort of a traditional community.The attraction of countryside people to the Muslim Brotherhood over the past two decadescoincided with the disintegration of the extended family and the weakening of communal ties.Moreover, the Westernisation of city life may have pushed many people with a ruralbackground into seeking a moral and social refuge in the Muslim Brotherhood.In universities, the Muslim Brotherhood attracts newcomers to the cities rather than originalcity dwellers. It is more successful in recruitment among students in Al-Azhar University thanin other universities, and more successful in rural governorates than in Cairo and Alexandria.Following the 1952 Revolution, Egypt as a whole underwent a wave of ruralisation. But eventhen, the Muslim Brotherhood focussed its recruitment on people with an urban lifestyle. Fiftyyears ago, the Muslim Brotherhood recruited mostly among the sons of governmentemployees, teachers, and generally the white-collared class. Egypt’s countryside was notwelcoming to the Muslim Brotherhood or its outlook. Now, the Muslim Brotherhood hasgone so conventional that it is gaining ground in the countryside.The Muslim Brotherhood can run effective campaigns and even win elections in many areasin Egypt’s countryside. Yet, it is my belief that the countryside is affecting the MuslimBrotherhood more than the Muslim Brotherhood is affecting it.In Hassan El-Banna’s time, Muslim Brotherhood leaders were mostly urban in their ways:Hassan El-Hodeibi, Omar El-Telmesani, Hassan Ashmawi, Mounir Dallah, Abdel-QaderHelmi and Farid Abdel Khaleq. Even in the countryside, top Muslim Brotherhood memberswere known for their urban lifestyle: Mohamed Hamed Abul- Naser and Abbas Al-Sisi, forexample.By contrast, the new breed of Muslim Brotherhood leaders is rural in its ways. This goes evenfor Cairo-based Muslim Brotherhood leaders including Mohamed Mursi, Saad El-Katatni,Saad Al-Husseini and Sabri Arafa El-Komi. And the Muslim Brotherhood supreme guide,Mahdi Akefs, is more rural in his leadership style than his predecessor, Maamoun Al-Hodeibi.

Political Islam Gaining Ground

Maikls A. Garš

characteristics of the democratic order. Their newly-discovered acceptance of elections andparliamentary processes results not least from a gradual democratisation of the formerlyauthoritarian regimes these groups had fought by terrorist means even in their home countries.The prime example of this development is Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood, which started out as acharitable social movement and has now become the most powerful political opposition force inEgypt.Founded in the 1920s, the Muslim Brotherhood is the oldest Islamic organisation of the Arabworld today. Following the ideas of its founder Al-Banna, it intended to return to a state of ‘trueIslam’, t.i. to return to the way of life of the early Islamic congregation at the time of theProphet, and to establish a community of social justice. This vision was increasingly viewed as acounterweight to the Western social model that was marked by secularisation, moral decay, andgreed. During World War II, the Muslim Brotherhood even founded a secret military arm, whoseactivities, tomēr, were uncovered, leading to the execution of Mr Al-Banna by Egypt’s secretpolice

In the Shadow of the Brothers

Omayma Abdel-Latif

In September 2007, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt released its fi rst politicalparty platform draft. Among the heavily criticized clauses was one that deniedwomen (and Copts) the right to be head of state. “Duties and responsibilities assumed by the head of state, such as army commanding, are in contradictionwith the socially acceptable roles for women,” the draft stated. In previousBrotherhood documents there was no specifi c mention of the position of headof state; rather, they declared that women were allowed to occupy all postsexcept for al-imama al-kubra, the position of caliph, which is the equivalentof a head of state in modern times. Many were surprised that despite severalprogressive moves the Brotherhood had made in previous years to empowerwomen, it ruled out women’s right to the country’s top position.Although the platform was only a fi rst draft, the Muslim Brotherhood’s banon women in Egypt’s top offi ce revived old, but serious, questions regardingthe Islamist movement’s stand on the place and role of the “Sisters” inside themovement. The Brotherhood earlier had taken an advanced position concerningwomen, as refl ected in its naming of women candidates for parliamentaryand municipal elections in 2000, 2005, un 2007, as well as the growingnumbers of women involved in Brotherhood political activities, such as streetprotests and elections. Although the platform recognizes women as key politicalactors, it was considered a retreat from the movement’s advanced positionin some earlier electoral platforms.

The Draft Party Platform of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood

In the late summer 2007, amid great anticipation from Egypt’s ruling elite and opposition movements, the Muslim Brotherhood distributed the first draft of a party platform to a group of intellectuals and analysts. The platform was not to serve as a document for an existing political party or even one about to be founded: the Brotherhood remains without legal recognition in Egypt and Egypt’s rulers and the laws they have enacted make the prospect of legal recognition for a Brotherhood-founded party seem distant. But the Brotherhood’s leadership clearly wished to signal what sort of party they would found if allowed to do so.

With the circulation of the draft document, the movement opened its doors to discussion and even contentious debate about the main ideas of the platform, the likely course of the Brotherhood’s political role, and the future of its relationship with other political forces in the country.1 In this paper, we seek to answer four questions concerning the Brotherhood’s

party platform:

The Muslim Brotherhood in Belgium

Stīvs Merlijs,
Vecākais analītiķis

The Global Muslim Brotherhood has been present in Europe since 1960 when SaidRamadan, the grandson of Hassan Al-Banna, founded a mosque in Munich.1 Since that time,Brotherhood organizations have been established in almost all of the EU countries, as well asnon-EU countries such as Russia and Turkey. Despite operating under other names, some ofthe organizations in the larger countries are recognized as part of the global MuslimBrotherhood. For example, the Union des Organizations Islamiques de France (UOIF) isgenerally regarded as part of the Muslim Brotherhood in France. The network is alsobecoming known in some of the smaller countries such as the Netherlands, where a recentNEFA Foundation report detailed the activities of the Muslim Brotherhood in that country.2Neighboring Belgium has also become an important center for the Muslim Brotherhood inEurope. A 2002 report by the Intelligence Committee of the Belgian Parliament explainedhow the Brotherhood operates in Belgium:“The State Security Service has been following the activities of the InternationalMuslim Brotherhood in Belgium since 1982. The International MuslimBrotherhood has had a clandestine structure for nearly 20 gadiem. The identityof the members is secret; they operate in the greatest discretion. They seek tospread their ideology within the Islamic community of Belgium and they aimin particular at the young people of the second and third generation ofimmigrants. In Belgium as in other European countries, they try to take controlof the religious, social, and sports associations and establish themselves asprivileged interlocutors of the national authorities in order to manage Islamicaffairs. The Muslim Brotherhood assumes that the national authorities will bepressed more and more to select Muslim leaders for such management and,in this context, they try to insert within the representative bodies, individualsinfluenced by their ideology.

The Muslim Brotherhood in Europe

ISLAMIC MOBILIZATION

Ziad Munson

This article examines the emergence and growth of the Muslim Brotherhood inEgypt from the 1930s through the 1950s. It begins by outlining and empirically evaluatingpossible explanations for the organization’s growth based on (1) theories of politicalIslam and (2) the concept of political opportunity structure in social movementtheory. An extension of these approaches is suggested based on data from organizationaldocuments and declassiŽed U.S. State Department Žles from the period. Thesuccessful mobilization of the Muslim Brotherhood was possible because of the wayin which its Islamic message was tied to its organizational structure, activities, andstrategies and the everyday lives of Egyptians. The analysis suggests that ideas areintegrated into social movements in more ways than the concept of framing allows.It also expands our understanding of how organizations can arise in highly repressiveenvironments.

Mahmuds Ezzats visaptverošā intervijā ar Al Jazeera Ahmedu Mansuru

Dr.. Mahmuds Ezzats, Musulmaņu brālības ģenerālsekretārs, visaptverošā intervijā ar Al Jazeera vadītāju Ahmedu Mansūru pārliecinājās, ka Musulmaņu brālības priekšsēdētāja vēlēšanas, kuras gaidāmajā periodā plāno organizēt Virzības biroja locekļi, ir atvērta ikvienam, kurš vēlas iesniegt savus kandidatūras dokumentus.

Savā paziņojumā sarunu šovam Bila Heduds (Bez robežām) televīzijā Al-Jazeera, Ezzats paskaidroja, ka nominācijas dokumentus parasti nevajadzētu izmantot Musulmaņu brālības kandidātiem, bet drīzāk tiek iesniegts pilns saraksts ar visu Brālības 100 locekļu Šuras padomi, lai ievēlētu brālības priekšsēdētāju un virzības biroju.. Viņš noliedza, ka Brālības Vispārējais ceļvedis par Vispārējās Šuras padomes vadību neļauj viņam brīvi strādāt patstāvīgi, pieņemot galīgo lēmumu.. Viņš arī atklāja, ka Padome ir pilnvarota saukt priekšsēdētāju par jebkuru neveiksmi un, ja rodas nepieciešamība, viņu jebkurā laikā atlaist.

Viņš uzsvēra, ka kustība ir gatava nest vislielāko upuri, lai praktizētu Šuras principu (konsultācija) rindās, norādot, ka Šura padome nākamajā gadā ievēlēs priekšsēdētāju un jaunu Vadības biroju.

Viņš komentēja plašsaziņas līdzekļu atspoguļojumu tam, kas patiesībā notika Virzības biroja aizkulisēs, atsaucoties uz to, ka komiteja, kurā bija tādi vadītāji kā Dr. Essam el-Erian un vairāki Vadības biroja locekļi, kas ir atbildīgi par priekšsēdētāja nedēļas paziņojuma drukāšanu, iebilda pret Mr. Mahdi Akefa vēlme ir niecīga viedokļu atšķirība. Akef pirmais termiņš beigsies janvārī 13, 2010 tomēr viņš ir paziņojis iepriekš; viņš joprojām pieņems lēmumu, vai paliks amatā uz otro termiņu kā grupas ģenerāldirektors.

Viņš turpināja, ka 81 gadu vecais Akefs jau iepriekš bija informējis Virzības biroja locekļus, ka viņš plāno atkāpties no amata un nedarbosies otro termiņu.. Prezidija locekļi nekavējoties atbildēja, mudinot viņu palikt amatā.

Viņa nedēļas ziņojumā, Mahdi Akefs neskaidri atsaucās uz nodomiem nekandidēt uz otro termiņu un pateikties Musulmaņu brālībai un Virzības biroja locekļiem, kuri dalījās ar viņu atbildībā, it kā viņš to iecerētu kā atvadu runu.. Svētdienā, Oktobris 17 mediji apgalvoja, ka Brālības priekšsēdētājs ir paziņojis par atkāpšanos; tomēr priekšsēdētājs vairākkārt ir noraidījis plašsaziņas līdzekļu apgalvojumus, kad viņš nākamajā dienā ieradās birojā un tikās ar biedriem. Vēlāk viņš izdeva paziņojumu, kurā atklāja patiesību. Plašsaziņas līdzekļu apgalvojumi par Vadības biroja nevēlēšanos iecelt Dr. Esams el-Erians ir pilnīgi nepatiesi.

Dr.. Mahmuds Ezats pārliecinājās, ka kustība ar prieku sniedz iespēju biedriem dalīties savos viedokļos, uzsverot, ka tā ir varas izpausme, kas atbilst tās lielajam izmēram un vadošajai lomai, norādot, ka Musulmaņu brālības priekšsēdētājs ir ļoti priecīgs to darīt.

Viņš uzsvēra, ka visi jautājumi tiek atgriezti Vadības birojā, lai pieņemtu galīgo lēmumu, kura rezolūcijas ir saistošas ​​un apmierinošas visiem., neatkarīgi no viedokļu atšķirībām.

“Es nenovērtēju jau notikušo par zemu vai vienkārši teiktu, ka krīzes nav, tajā pašā laikā, mums nevajadzētu izsist lietas no tā konteksta, mēs esam apņēmības pilni piemērot šuras principu”, viņš pievienoja.

Iepriekšējā nākamajā Virzības biroja sanāksmē tika apspriests, ka grupas Šura padomei ir vienīgās tiesības ievēlēt padomu Birojam jebkuram loceklim, viņš paskaidroja. Dr.. Pats Esams piekrita, ka nav piemērots iecelt jaunu biedru Brālības vadības birojā, jo vēlēšanas ir tuvu.

Ezzats paziņoja, ka epizode tika iesniegta Šuras padomei pēc Orientācijas biroja ieteikuma, bieži arestējot un aizturot valsts drošību. Mēs ļoti cenšamies iesaistīt Šura padomi, lai izvēlētos nākamo Vadības biroja priekšsēdētāju un locekļus. Paredzams, ka visa lieta tiks atrisināta, Allah vēlas, pirms janvāra 13.

Šajā sanāksmē MB Vadības biroja priekšsēdētājs un locekļi nolēma nosūtīt vēstuli Šura padomei, uzsverot, ka šo vēlēšanu datums nebūs vēlāk kā sestais mēnesis. Tika pieņemts, ka tiesvedība tiks veikta pirms vēlēšanām vai to laikā 5 pagājušajā gadā tika ievēlēti jauni biedri. Tas ir Šura padomes lēmums, nevis MB Vadības birojs. sekojoši, Vispārējās grupas Šura padome beidzot pieņēma vienbalsīgu lēmumu rīkot vēlēšanas pēc iespējas ātrāk.

Viņš uzsvēra, ka Musulmaņu brālība, ar Šuras izpildi organizē tās iekšējie noteikumi. Noteikumi, kurus pieņem un atbalsta Šuras padomes likumi un kuri var tikt mainīti. Jaunākais grozījums, kas tiek veikts ar vienu no tā klauzulām, ir Virzības biroja locekļa pilnvaru termiņš. Paredzams, ka loceklis nedrīkst strādāt vairāk kā divus termiņus pēc kārtas.

Daži Orientēšanas biroja locekļi tika apsūdzēti par to, ka viņi daudzus gadus ir uzturējušies amatā; Dr.. Ezzat apgalvoja, ka bieži aresti, kas nevienu neizslēdza, izpildbirojs mudināja mūs mainīt citu iekšējās regulas pantu, kas paredz, ka loceklis saglabā savu dalību pat tad, ja viņu aizturēja. Cienījama darba trūkums savas valsts labklājības un cildenās misijas trūkums lika mums uzstāt, lai viņi saglabā savu dalību. Inženieris Khayrat Al-Shater paliks par MB priekšsēdētāja otro vietnieku un Dr.. Mohammed Ali Bishr MB izpildbiroja loceklis. Paredzams, ka Bishr tiks izlaists nākamajā mēnesī.

Dr.. Mahmuds Ezzats pilnībā noliedza baumas par iekšējiem konfliktiem opozīcijas grupā attiecībā uz vadību, uzsverot, ka mehānismi, noteikumi un noteikumi paver ceļu kustības vadītāju izvēlei. Viņš arī atzīmēja, ka Ēģiptes ģeogrāfiskais stāvoklis un ievērojamais morālais svars musulmaņu pasaulē attaisno nepieciešamību, lai MB priekšsēdētājs būtu ēģiptietis.

“Norāžu birojs pašlaik pēta Brālības 100 locekļu Šuras padomes vispārējo tendenci izvirzīt piemērotu kandidātu, kurš ir tiesīgs uzņemties priekšsēdētāja amatu.”, viņš teica.

“Ir ārkārtīgi grūti paredzēt, kurš būs nākamais priekšsēdētājs, to atzīmējot 5 minūtes pirms kunga iecelšanas. Akefu kā priekšsēdētāju neviens nezināja, biļetenos tika izlemts tikai par to, kurš būs jaunais vadītājs”, viņš teica.

Dr.. Mahmuds Ezzats acīmredzami pretrunīgos ziņojumus par viņu apgalvojumiem saistībā ar izteikumiem par Brālības augstākajiem līderiem attiecināja uz tām pašām plašsaziņas līdzekļu ziņojumu pret vecākajiem līderiem neatbilstībām, kas dažādās avīzēs atšķiras..

Dr.. Mahmuds Ezzats atklāja ar figūrām drošības reidus, kuru rezultātā daži tika arestēti 2696 grupas locekļi 2007, 3674 iekšā 2008 un 5022 iekšā 2009. Tā rezultātā Šura padome nespēja rīkot sanāksmes un konkursēt vēlēšanas.

Viņš arī uzsvēra, ka Musulmaņu brālība ļoti vēlas uzturēt Ēģiptes nacionālo drošību un tās drošību’ interese panākt mierīgu reformu sabiedrībā. “Mēs labi zinām, ka Virzības biroja sanāksmes pārrauga drošība, lai gan mēs domājam tikai praktizēt demokrātiju. Patiesībā, mēs nevēlamies izraisīt citu naidīgumu un naidīgumu”.

Viņš arī uzsvēra, ka atšķirības organizācijas iekšienē nav motivētas ar naidu vai personiskām atšķirībām, jo ​​cienīgs temperaments, ko iedrošina islāma cildenā mācība, mudina mūs panest viedokļu atšķirības. Viņš piebilda, ka vēsture ir pierādījusi, ka Musulmaņu brālības kustība ir saskārusies ar daudz grūtākiem apstākļiem nekā pašreizējā krīze.

Plašsaziņas līdzekļi ir parādījuši negatīvu tēlu par Musulmaņu brālību, kur informācijas nolūkos viņi paļāvās uz SSI izmeklēšanu. Lai viņiem būtu kaut kāda ticamība, žurnālistiem ir obligāti jāiegūst fakti no sākotnējiem avotiem. Faktiski tiesu vara ir atcēlusi visas apsūdzības, par kurām ziņots valsts izmeklēšanā, viņš teica.

Dr.. Mahmuds Ezzats bija optimistisks, ka pašreizējā politiskā krīze pāries, apgalvojot, ka notikumi pierādīs, ka Musulmaņu brālība ar visām tās cēlajām manierēm, objektivitāte, un demokrātijas praktizēšana spīd cauri ar krāsainām krāsām.

Publicēts vietnē Ikhwanweb