RSSArchive for August, 2010

Toespraak van Dr,MUHAMMAD BADIE

Dr,Muhammad Badie

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate Praise be to Allah and Blessing on His messenger, companions and followers
Dear Brothers and Sisters,
I greet you with the Islamic greeting; Peace be upon you and God’s mercy and blessings;
It is the will of Allah that I undertake this huge responsibility which Allah has chosen for me and a request from the MB Movement which I respond to with the support of Allah. With the support of my Muslim Brothers I look forward to achieving the great goals, we devoted ourselves to, solely for the sake of Allah.
Dear Brothers and Sisters,
At the outset of my speech I would like to address our teacher, older brother, and distinguished leader Mr. Mohamed Mahdy Akef, the seventh leader of the MB group a strong, dedicated and enthusiastic person who led the group’s journey amid storms and surpassed all its obstacles, thus providing this unique and outstanding model to all leaders and senior officials in the government, associations and other parties by fulfilling his promise and handing over the leadership after only one term, words are not enough to express our feelings to this great leader and guide and we can only sayMay Allah reward you all the best”.
We say to our beloved Muslim brothers who are spread around the globe, it is unfortunate for us to have this big event happening while you are not among us for reasons beyond our control, however we feel that your souls are with us sending honest and sincere smiles and vibes.
As for the beloved ones who are behind the bars of tyranny and oppression for no just reason other than reiterating Allah is our God, and for seeking the dignity, pride and development of their country, we sincerely applaud and salute them for their patience, steadfastness and sacrifices which we are sure will not be without gain. We pray that those tyrants and oppressors salvage their conscience and that we see you again in our midst supporting our cause, may Allah bless and protect you all.
Dear Brothers and Sisters,
As you are aware, the main goal of the Muslim Brotherhood Movement (MB) is comprehensive modification, which deals with all kinds of corruption through reform and change. “I only desire (your) betterment to the best of my power; and my success (in my task) can only come from Allah.” (Hud-88) and through cooperation with all powers of the nation and those with high spirits who are sincere to their religion and nation.
The MB believes that Allah has placed all the foundations necessary for the development and welfare of nations in the great Islam; dus, Islam is their reference towards reform, which starts from the disciplining and training of the souls of individuals, followed by regulating families and societies by strengthening them, preceded by bringing justice to it and the continuous jihad to liberate the nation from any foreign dominance or intellectual, spiritual, cultural hegemony and economic, political or military colonialism, as well as leading the nation to development, prosperity and assuming its appropriate place in the world.

Tussen gister en vandag

HASAN AL-BANNA

Die Eerste Islamitiese Staat
Op die grondslag van hierdie deugsame Koraniese sosiale orde het die eerste Islamitiese staat ontstaan, onwrikbare geloof in Dit, dit noukeurig toe te pas, en versprei dit oor die hele wêreld, so het die eerste Khilafah altyd gesê: 'As ek moet 'n kameel se voorsprong verloor, Ek sou dit in Allah se Boek vind.'. Hy het teen diegene geveg wat geweier het om zakah te betaal, aangaande hulle as afvalliges omdat hulle een van die pilare van hierdie orde omvergewerp het, sê: 'Deur Allah, as hulle geweier het my 'n leidraad wat hulle aan die Apostel van Allah sou oorhandig (PBUH), Ek sal teen hulle veg sodra ek 'n swaard in my hand!’ Vir eenheid, in al sy betekenisse en manifestasies, hierdie nuwe komende nasie deurdring.
Volledige sosiale eenheid het ontstaan ​​uit die maak van die Koran-orde en sy taal universeel, terwyl dit heeltemal polities is eenheid was onder die skadu van die Amir Al-Mumineen en onder die standaard van die Khilafah in die hoofstad.
Die feit dat die Islamitiese ideologie een van desentralisasie van die gewapende magte was, die staatskas, en provinsiale goewerneurs was geen struikelblok hiervoor nie, aangesien almal opgetree het volgens 'n enkele geloofsbelydenis en 'n verenigde en omvattende beheer. Die Koran-beginsels het die bygelowige afgodery wat algemeen voorkom, verdryf en ter ruste gelê in die Arabiese Skiereiland en Persië. Hulle het die skuldige Judaïsme verban en dit tot 'n nou provinsie beperk, om 'n einde te maak aan sy godsdienstige en politieke gesag. Hulle het so met die Christendom gesukkel dat die invloed daarvan was aansienlik verminder in die Asiatiese en Afrika-kontinente, slegs tot Europa beperk onder die bewaking van die Bisantyne Ryk in Konstantinopel. So het die Islamitiese staat die middelpunt geword van geestelike en politieke oorheersing binne die twee grootste kontinente. Hierdie staat het volgehou in sy aanvalle teen die derde kontinent, aanranding Konstantinopel uit die ooste en beleër dit totdat die beleg vermoeiend geword het. Toe kom dit uit die weste,
in Spanje duik, met sy seëvierende soldate wat die hart van Frankryk bereik en so ver as noord deurdring en Suid-Italië. Dit het 'n imposante staat in Wes-Europa gestig, stralend van wetenskap en kennis.
Daarna, dit het die verowering van Konstantinopel self en die beperkte Christendom binne die beperkte gebied beëindig van Sentraal-Europa. Islamitiese vlote het die dieptes van die Middellandse See en Rooi See ingevaar, albei het geword Islamitiese mere. En so het die gewapende magte van die Islamitiese staat die oppergesag van die see in beide die Ooste aanvaar en Wes, geniet absolute meesterskap oor land en see. Hierdie Islamitiese nasies het reeds gekombineer en het baie dinge van ander beskawings opgeneem, maar hulle het geseëvier deur die krag van hulle geloof en die soliditeit van hul stelsel bo ander. Hulle het hulle arabiseer, of in 'n mate daarin geslaag het, en was in staat om hulle te swaai en hulle tot die prag te bekeer, skoonheid en lewenskragtigheid van hul taal en godsdiens. Die Moslems was vry om enigiets voordelig van ander beskawings aan te neem, in soverre dit nie nadelige gevolge gehad het nie oor hul sosiale en politieke eenheid.

Wortels van nasionalisme in die Moslemwêreld

Shabir Ahmed

The Muslim world has been characterised by failure, disunity, bloodshed, oppression and backwardness. At present, no Muslim country in the world can rightly claim to be a leader in any field of human activity. Inderdaad, the non-Muslims of the East and the West
now dictate the social, economic and political agenda for the Muslim Ummah.
Verder, the Muslims identify themselves as Turkish, Arabiese, African and Pakistani. If this is not enough, Muslims are further sub-divided within each country or continent. Byvoorbeeld, in Pakistan people are classed as Punjabis, Sindhis, Balauchis and
Pathans. The Muslim Ummah was never faced with such a dilemma in the past during Islamic rule. They never suffered from disunity, widespread oppression, stagnation in science and technology and certainly not from the internal conflicts that we have witnessed this century like the Iran-Iraq war. So what has gone wrong with the Muslims this century? Why are there so many feuds between them and why are they seen to be fighting each other? What has caused their weakness and how will they ever recover from the present stagnation?
There are many factors that contributed to the present state of affairs, but the main ones are the abandoning of the Arabic language as the language of understanding Islam correctly and performing ijtihad, the absorption of foreign cultures such as the philosophies of the Greeks, Persian and the Hindus, the gradual loss of central authority over some of the provinces, and the rise of nationalism since the 19th Century.
This book focuses on the origins of nationalism in the Muslim world. Nationalism did not arise in the Muslim world naturally, dit het ook nie ontstaan ​​as reaksie op die ontberinge wat die mense ondervind het nie, ook nie weens die frustrasie wat hulle gevoel het toe Europa na die industriële revolusie die wêreld begin oorheers het nie. Eerder, nasionalisme is in die gedagtes van die Moslems ingeplant deur 'n weldeurdagte plan deur die Europese moondhede, na hul versuim om die Islamitiese Staat met geweld te vernietig. Die boek bied ook die Islamitiese uitspraak oor nasionalisme en praktiese stappe wat geneem kan word om die siekte van nasionalisme uit die Moslem -Ummah uit te roei om dit terug te bring na sy eertydse glorie.

'N Moslem Archipelago

Max L. Bruto

Hierdie boek is al baie jare in wording, soos die skrywer in sy voorwoord verduidelik, hoewel hy die meeste van die werklike teks geskryf het gedurende sy jaar as senior Navorsingsgenoot by die Sentrum vir Strategiese Intelligensie Navorsing. Die skrywer was vir baie jare dekaan van die Skool vir Intelligensiestudies by die Joint Military Intelligence College. Al mag dit voorkom asof die boek deur enige goeie historikus of streekspesialis in Suidoos-Asië geskryf kon gewees het, hierdie werk word belig deur die skrywer se meer as drie dekades van diens binne die nasionale intelligensiegemeenskap. Sy streekskundigheid is dikwels toegepas op spesiale assesserings vir die Gemeenskap. Met 'n kennis van Islam wat ongeëwenaard is onder sy eweknieë en 'n onblusbare dors om te bepaal hoe die doelwitte van hierdie godsdiens kan uitspeel op gebiede ver van die fokus van die huidige aandag van die meeste beleidmakers, die skrywer het hierdie geleentheid ten volle benut om die intelligensiegemeenskap en 'n breër leserspubliek bekend te maak met 'n strategiese waardering van 'n streek in die versoening van sekulêre en godsdienstige magte.
Hierdie publikasie is goedgekeur vir onbeperkte verspreiding deur die Office of Security Review, Departement van Verdediging.

Demokrasie in Islamitiese Politieke Denke

Azzam S. Tamimi

Democracy has preoccupied Arab political thinkers since the dawn of the modern Arab renaissance about two centuries ago. Since then, the concept of democracy has changed and developed under the influence of a variety of social and political developments.The discussion of democracy in Arab Islamic literature can be traced back to Rifa’a Tahtawi, the father of Egyptian democracy according to Lewis Awad,[3] who shortly after his return to Cairo from Paris published his first book, Takhlis Al-Ibriz Ila Talkhis Bariz, in 1834. The book summarized his observations of the manners and customs of the modern French,[4] and praised the concept of democracy as he saw it in France and as he witnessed its defence and reassertion through the 1830 Revolution against King Charles X.[5] Tahtawi tried to show that the democratic concept he was explaining to his readers was compatible with the law of Islam. He compared political pluralism to forms of ideological and jurisprudential pluralism that existed in the Islamic experience:
Religious freedom is the freedom of belief, of opinion and of sect, provided it does not contradict the fundamentals of religion . . . The same would apply to the freedom of political practice and opinion by leading administrators, who endeavour to interpret and apply rules and provisions in accordance with the laws of their own countries. Kings and ministers are licensed in the realm of politics to pursue various routes that in the end serve one purpose: good administration and justice.[6] One important landmark in this regard was the contribution of Khairuddin At-Tunisi (1810- 99), leader of the 19th-century reform movement in Tunisia, who, in 1867, formulated a general plan for reform in a book entitled Aqwam Al-Masalik Fi Taqwim Al- Mamalik (The Straight Path to Reforming Governments). The main preoccupation of the book was in tackling the question of political reform in the Arab world. While appealing to politicians and scholars of his time to seek all possible means in order to improve the status of the
community and develop its civility, he warned the general Muslim public against shunning the experiences of other nations on the basis of the misconception that all the writings, inventions, experiences or attitudes of non-Muslims should be rejected or disregarded.
Khairuddin further called for an end to absolutist rule, which he blamed for the oppression of nations and the destruction of civilizations.

Secularisme, Hermeneutiek, en Ryk: Die politiek van die Islamitiese Hervorming

Saba Mahmood

Since the events of September 11, 2001, against the

backdrop of two decades of the ascendance of global religious politics, urgent
calls for the reinstatement of secularism have reached a crescendo that cannot
be ignored. The most obvious target of these strident calls is Islam, veral
those practices and discourses within Islam that are suspected of fostering fundamentalism
and militancy. It has become de rigueur for leftists and liberals alike
to link the fate of democracy in the Muslim world with the institutionalization

of secularism — both as a political doctrine and as a political ethic. This coupling
is now broadly echoed within the discourse emanating from the U.S. State
Department, particularly in its programmatic efforts to reshape and transform
“Islam from within.” In this essay, I will examine both the particular conception
of secularism that underlies the current consensus that Islam needs to be
reformed — that its secularization is a necessary step in bringing “democracy” to
the Muslim world — and the strategic means by which this programmatic vision is
being instituted today. Insomuch as secularism is a historically shifting category
with a variegated genealogy, my aim is not to secure an authoritative definition of
secularism or to trace its historical transformation within the United States or the
Moslem wêreld. My goal here is more limited: I want to sketch out the particular
understanding of secularism underlying contemporary American discourses on
Islam, an understanding that is deeply shaped by U.S. security and foreign policy
concerns in the Muslim world.

Hizbollah se Politieke Manifes 2009

Following World War II, the United States became the centre of polarization and hegemony in the world; as such a project witnessed tremendous development on the levels of domination and subjugation that is unprecedented in history, making use and taking advantage of the multifaceted achievements on the several levels of knowledge, culture, technology, economy as well as the military level- that are supported by an economic-political system that only views the world as markets that have to abide by the American view.
The most dangerous aspect in the western hegemony-the American one precisely- is that they consider themselves as owners of the world and therefore, this expandin strategy along with the economic-capitalist project has become awestern expanding strategythat turned to be an international scheme of limitless greed. Savage capitalism forces- embodied mainly in international monopoly networks o fcompanies that cross the nations and continents, networks of various international establishments especially the financial ones backed by superior military force have led to more contradictions and conflicts of which not less important are the conflicts of identities, cultures, civilizations, in addition to the conflicts of poverty and wealth. These savage capitalism forces have turned into mechanisms of sowing dissension and destroying identities as well as imposing the most dangerous type of cultural,
national, economic as well as social theft .

UITDAGINGS ISLAMIC BANKING

Munawar Iqbal
AUSAF AHMAD
TARIQULLAH MAPSON

Islamic banking practice, which started in early 1970s on a modest scale, has shown tremendous progress during the last 25 jaar. Serious research work of the past two and a half decades has established that Islamic banking is a viable and efficient way of financial intermediation. A number of Islamic banks have been established during this period under heterogeneous, social and economic milieu. Onlangs, many conventional banks, including some major multinational Western banks, have also started using Islamic banking techniques. All this is encouraging. Egter, the Islamic banking system, like any other system, has to be seen as an evolving reality. This experience needs to be evaluated objectively and the problems ought to be carefully identified and addressed to.

It is with this objective that the Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI) of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) presents this paper on Challenges Facing Islamic Banking, as decided by the IDB Board of Executive Directors. A team of IRTI researchers consisting of Munawar Iqbal, Ausaf Ahmad and Tariqullah Khan has prepared the paper. Munawar Iqbal, Chief of the Islamic Banking and Finance Division acted as the project leader. Two external scholars have also refereed the study. IRTI is grateful for the contribution of these referees. The final product is being issued as the Second Occasional Paper.

It is hoped that serious consideration will be given to the challenges facing Islamic banking identified in the paper. Theoreticians and practitioners in the field of Islamic banking and finance need to find ways and means to meet those challenges so that Islamic banking can keep on progressing as it enters the 21st Century.

Islamitiese politieke kultuur, Demokrasie, en Menseregte

Daniel E. Prys

Dit is aangevoer dat die Islam fasiliteer outoritarisme, weerspreek die

waardes van Westerse samelewings, en dit het belangrike politieke uitkomste beduidend beïnvloed

in Moslemlande. Gevolglik, geleerdes, kommentators, en die regering

amptenare wys gereeld op '' Islamitiese fundamentalisme '' as die volgende

ideologiese bedreiging vir liberale demokrasieë. hierdie siening, egter, is hoofsaaklik gebaseer

oor die ontleding van tekste, Islamitiese politieke teorie, en ad hoc-studies

van individuele lande, wat nie oorweeg ander faktore. Dit is my stelling

dat die tekste en tradisies van Islam, soos dié van ander godsdienste,

gebruik kan word om 'n verskeidenheid van politieke stelsels en beleid te ondersteun. land

spesifieke en beskrywende studies help ons nie om patrone te vind wat sal help nie

ons verduidelik die verskillende verhoudings tussen Islam en politiek regoor die land

lande van die Moslem-wêreld. vandaar, 'n nuwe benadering tot die studie van die

verband tussen Islam en die politiek is 'n beroep vir.
Ek stel voor, deur middel van streng evaluering van die verhouding tussen Islam,

demokrasie, en menseregte by die kruis-nasionale vlak, dit te veel

klem word gelê op die mag van Islam as 'n politieke mag. Ek eerste

gebruik vergelykende gevallestudies, wat fokus op faktore wat verband hou met die wisselwerking

tussen Islamitiese groepe en regimes, ekonomiese invloede, etniese gleufies,

en maatskaplike ontwikkeling, om die variansie in die invloed van

Islam oor politiek in agt nasies.

Die voorspel tot die Islamitiese staat

Muhammad Ibn Katebur Rahman

Ons is Islam gegee as leiding en sy leiding is verdeel in tot, dade van aanbidding geheel en al tussen Allah en Sy dienaars en dade van die bereiking van doelwitte om die Islamitiese soewereiniteit op aarde te bereik. Aanbiddingshandelinge is Salat, Top, Zabh, ens wat geen rasionele redes vir sy bestaan ​​het nie. Dan is daar handelinge wat redes vir sy bestaan ​​het, soos die besteding van rykdom, Jihad, waarheid praat, onreg te bestry, voorkoming van zina, dwelms, belange, ens wat daar is tot voordeel en welstand van samelewings en nasies. Each intelligent worshipper in order to achieve these goals of universal benefits therefore must always seek ways to attain it and one of it is theological and political unity. In order to envision the gateways in the world to implement and realize these universal interests we then must know about the changing world, we must know about the age of information. We must know about its nature, behavior, progression which includes knowing about politics, history, technology, science, militêre, cultures, philosophies, psychology of nations, people of power and values, places of interest and value, resources of earth, international law, Internet, humanity with its divisions on basis of wealth, power and their place in history and progression. Our Prophet (saas) verklaar dat die kennis 'n verlore eiendom van 'n gelowige is en hierdie kennis is inderdaad al daardie kennis wat deur kennis Islam en die Moslems beide in die wêreld en hierna bevoordeel. Die intelligentes onder ons veral die geestelikes, bestudeer dus boeke en organiseer mense van kennis op grond van hul onderskeie kundigheid sodat hulle doeltreffende en effektiewe oplossings kan gee vir die bereiking van daardie Islamitiese universele voordele. Die Islamitiese politiek is net daar om hierdie universele voordele te besef, vir die mensdom in geheel en Moslems in die besonder

Die Islamisering van Pakistan

The Middle East Institute

Sedert 2007, Pakistan, though not on the verge of becoming a failed state, nonetheless has been gripped by a series of interrelated crises. As the contributors to this volume demonstrate, Pakistan’s current travails have deep and tangled historical roots. They also demonstrate that Pakistan’s domestic situation historically has been influenced by, and has affected developments in neighboring countries as well as those farther afield.
The origins of many of Pakistan’s troubles today lie not just in the circumstances in which the state of Pakistan emerged, but in the manner in which various domestic political forces have defined and sought to advance their competing visions of the state since independence. Over the years, successive national political leaders, the military, and other actors have appropriated the symbols, instellings, tools of statecraft, and even the rhetoric of Pakistan’s founding father, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, in order to advance their own narrow agendas.
As the contributors emphasize, much of the present turmoil in Pakistan dates from the late 1970s, when the rise to power of General Zia ul Haq and his Islamization program intersected with the momentous events of 1979, most importantly, the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
Die 18 essays comprising this volume examine the tight interplay between these domestic and regional factors, discuss the key domestic and foreign policies adopted during the Zia years, and disclose the heavy cost that Pakistan and its people have borne as a consequence. Taken together, the essays present a grim, tragic account of the past 30 years — of a country’s founding creed violated, much of its resources misspent, and its social fabric rent. And they suggest an uncertain future. Op dieselfde tyd, egter, they point hopefully, if not confidently, to what Pakistan’s fragile civilian government must seek to reclaim and can achieve — provided that its leaders prove to be moderate, resourceful, and determined, and that the West (especially the United States) implements policies which support rather than undermine them.
In his Eid-ul-Azha Message to the Nation on October 24, 1947, Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared: “My message to you all is of hope, courage and confidence. Let us mobilize all our resources in a systematic and organized way and tackle the grave issues that confront us with grim determination and discipline worthy of a great nation.” More than a half-century has elapsed since Jinnah made this statement, yet the issues facing Pakistan are no less grave. One hopes that the current and next generation of Jinnah’s successors, together with Pakistan’s friends will be able to summon the necessary will and bolster the state’s capacity to deal with these issues effectively.

Islamitiese politieke kultuur, Demokrasie, en Menseregte

Daniel E. Prys

Dit is aangevoer dat die Islam fasiliteer outoritarisme, weerspreek die

waardes van Westerse samelewings, en dit het belangrike politieke uitkomste beduidend beïnvloed
in Moslemlande. Gevolglik, geleerdes, kommentators, en die regering
amptenare wys gereeld op '' Islamitiese fundamentalisme '' as die volgende
ideologiese bedreiging vir liberale demokrasieë. hierdie siening, egter, is hoofsaaklik gebaseer
oor die ontleding van tekste, Islamitiese politieke teorie, en ad hoc-studies
van individuele lande, wat nie oorweeg ander faktore. Dit is my stelling
dat die tekste en tradisies van Islam, soos dié van ander godsdienste,
gebruik kan word om 'n verskeidenheid van politieke stelsels en beleid te ondersteun. land
spesifieke en beskrywende studies help ons nie om patrone te vind wat sal help nie
ons verduidelik die verskillende verhoudings tussen Islam en politiek regoor die land
lande van die Moslem-wêreld. vandaar, 'n nuwe benadering tot die studie van die
verband tussen Islam en die politiek is 'n beroep vir.
Ek stel voor, deur middel van streng evaluering van die verhouding tussen Islam,
demokrasie, en menseregte by die kruis-nasionale vlak, dit te veel
klem word gelê op die mag van Islam as 'n politieke mag. Ek eerste
gebruik vergelykende gevallestudies, wat fokus op faktore wat verband hou met die wisselwerking
tussen Islamitiese groepe en regimes, ekonomiese invloede, etniese gleufies,

en maatskaplike ontwikkeling, om die variansie in die invloed van

Islam oor politiek in agt nasies.

Islamitiese geloof in AMERIKA

JAMES A. BEVERLEY

AMERICA BEGINS A NEW MILLENNIUM AS ONE OF THE MOST RELIGIOUSLY diverse nations of all time. Nowhere else in the world do so many people—offered a choice free from government influence—identify with such a wide range of religious and spiritual communities. Nowhere else has the human search for meaning been so varied. In America today, there are communities and centers for worship representing all of the world’s religions.
The American landscape is dotted with churches, temples, synagogues, and mosques. Zen Buddhist zendos sit next to Pentecostal tabernacles. Hasidic Jews walk the streets with Hindu swamis. Most amazing of all, relatively little conflict has occurred among religions in America. This fact, combined with a high level of tolerance of each other’s beliefs and practices, has let America produce people of goodwill ready to try to resolve any tensions that might emerge. The Faith in America series celebrates America’s diverse religious heritage.
People of faith and ideals who longed for a better world have created a unique society where freedom of religious expression is a keynote of culture. The freedom that America offers to people of faith means that not only have ancient religions found a home
hier, but that newer ways of expressing spirituality have also taken root. From huge churches in large cities to small spiritual communities in towns and villages, faith in America has never been stronger. The paths that different religions have taken through
American history is just one of the stories readers will find in this series. Like anything people create, religion is far from perfect. Egter, its contribution to the culture and its ability to help people are impressive, and these accomplishments will be found in all the books in the series. Intussen, awareness and tolerance of the different paths our neighbors take to the spiritual life has become an increasingly important part of citizenship in America.
Vandag, more than ever, America as a whole puts its faith in freedom—the freedom to believe.

Islamistiese opposisiepartye en die potensiaal vir EU -betrokkenheid

Toby Archer

Heidi Huuhtanen

In die lig van die toenemende belangrikheid van Islamistiese bewegings in die Moslemwêreld en

die manier waarop radikalisering wêreldwye gebeure sedert die eeuwisseling beïnvloed het, Dit

is dit belangrik dat die EU sy beleid ten opsigte van akteurs evalueer binne wat losweg kan wees

die 'Islamitiese wêreld' genoem. Dit is veral belangrik om te vra of en hoe om betrokke te raak

met die verskillende Islamistiese groepe.

Dit bly omstrede, selfs binne die EU. Sommige voel dat die Islamitiese waardes dat

agter Islamistiese partye lê, is eenvoudig nie verenigbaar met westerse ideale van demokrasie en

menseregte, terwyl ander betrokkenheid as 'n realistiese noodsaaklikheid beskou as gevolg van die groeiende

huislike belangrikheid van Islamistiese partye en hul toenemende betrokkenheid by die internasionale

sake. 'N Ander perspektief is dat demokratisering in die Moslemwêreld toeneem

Europese veiligheid. Die geldigheid van hierdie en ander argumente oor of en hoe die

EU moet betrokke kan slegs getoets word deur die bestudering van die verskillende Islamistiese bewegings en

hul politieke omstandighede, land vir land.

Demokratisering is 'n sentrale tema van die EU se algemene optrede in die buiteland, soos gelê

uiteengesit in artikel 11 van die Verdrag oor die Europese Unie. Baie van die state het hierin besin

verslag is nie demokraties nie, of nie heeltemal demokraties nie. In die meeste van hierdie lande, Islamiste

partye en bewegings vorm 'n beduidende opposisie teen die heersende regimes, en

in sommige vorm hulle die grootste opposisieblok. Europese demokrasieë moes lankal

hanteer regerende regimes wat outoritêr is, maar dit is 'n nuwe verskynsel om te druk

vir demokratiese hervorming in state waar die mees waarskynlike begunstigdes kan hê, van die

EU se standpunt, verskillende en soms problematiese benaderings tot demokrasie en sy

verwante waardes, soos minderheids- en vroueregte en die oppergesag van die reg. Hierdie aanklagte is

dikwels teen Islamitiese bewegings gelê, daarom is dit belangrik vir Europese beleidmakers om

'n akkurate beeld te hê van die beleide en filosofieë van potensiële vennote.

Ervarings van verskillende lande is geneig om te suggereer dat hoe meer vryheid Islamitiese

partytjies word toegelaat, hoe meer gematig is hulle in hul optrede en idees. In baie

gevalle islamistiese partye en groepe het lankal weggedraai van hul oorspronklike doel

van die stigting van 'n Islamitiese staat onder die Islamitiese wet, en het basiese beginsels aanvaar

demokratiese beginsels van verkiesingskompetisie om mag, die bestaan ​​van ander politieke

mededingers, en politieke pluralisme.

'N GEDEELDE VERLEDE VIR 'N GEDEELDE TOEKOMS

Martin Rose

the response by both muslim and non-muslim scholars, intellectuals

and religious leaders to the Clash of Civilisations theory has been

swift and astute, not only at theoretical but also practical levels. Die

Alliance of Civilizations and the Common Word initiatives, among

many others, have developed a large number of projects and encounters

not only of inter-faith and inter-cultural dialogue but also of active

engagement and participation of people of different faiths, cultures and

communities working together in a manner and at a scale that may be

unprecedented in the history of humanity. Much more sustained work

is, egter, needed to bring about a better understanding and more

peaceful co-existence.
The British Council has recently celebrated its work with the Muslim

community and the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (UK).

In 2006 the AMSS and the British Council’s Counter-Point jointly

produced the British Muslims: Media Guide, the first ever such guide

to be produced in the West describing Britain’s Muslim communities,

their history, and present and future aspirations. The success of the

Guide, which was positively received at all levels in the UK and which

inspired similar initiatives in other countries, was one of the factors

behind the British Council’s new and ambitious Our Shared Europe

Project. This project seeks to find common ground and build shared

waardes, perspectives and behaviours based on mutual respect and trust.

Its aim is to create a shared understanding among all Europeans of

Islam’s past and present contribution to European societies and identities.

If the Our Shared Europe Project engages and fully reflects the

many myriads of our shared diversity then it will have come a long way

towards realising the new era of respect and peaceful coexistence that

is challenging the suppositions of the old. By giving its 2009 Building

Bridges Award to this project the AMSS is stressing the importance of

creating a climate of respect, dialogue, hope, and real engagement,

along with initiatives that build bridges and promote universal ethical

values and an inclusive view of our shared planet .

Demokratisering en die Islamitiese politiek: 'N Studie oor die Wasat Party in Egipte

Yokota Takayuki

The aim of this article is to explore the often contradictory correlation between democratization and Islamic politics in Egypt, focusing on a new Islamic political party, the Wasat Party (Ḥizb al-Wasaṭ).
Theoretically, democratization and Islamic politics are not incompatible if Islamic political organizations can and do operate within a legal and democratic framework. Aan die ander kant, this requires democratic tolerance by governments for Islamic politics, as long as they continue to act within a legal framework. In the Middle East, egter, Islamic political parties are often suspected of having undemocratic agendas, and governments have often used this suspicion as a justification to curb democratization. This is also the case with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (Jam‘īya al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn) under the Ḥusnī Mubārak regime. Although the Brotherhood is a mainstream Islamic movement in Egypt, operating publicly and enjoying considerable popularity,
successive governments have never changed its illegal status for more than half a century. Some of the Brotherhood members decided to form the Wasat Party as its legal political organ in order to break this stalemate.
There have been some studies on the Wasat Party. Stacher [2002] analyzes the “Platform of the Egyptian Wasat Party” [Ḥizb al-Wasaṭ al-Miṣrī 1998] and explains the basic principles of the Wasat Party as follows: demokrasie, sharī‘a (Islamitiese wet), rights of women, and Muslim- Christian relations. Baker [2003] regards the Wasat Party as one of the new Islamist groups that have appeared in contemporary Egypt, and analyzes its ideology accordingly. Wickham [2004] discusses the moderation of Islamic movements in Egypt and the attempt to form the Wasat Party from the perspective of comparative politics. Norton [2005] examines the ideology and activities of the Wasat Party in connection with the Brotherhood’s political activities. As these earlier studies are mainly concerned with the Wasat Party during the 1990s and the early 2000s, I will examine the ideology and activities of the Wasat Party till the rise of the democratization movement in Egypt in around 2005. I will do so on the basis of the Wasat Party’s documents, such
as the “Platform of the New Wasat Party” [Ḥizb al-Wasaṭ al-Jadīd 2004]1), and my interviews with its members.